Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(36):50696-50706. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14182-0. Epub 2021 May 9.
Phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a group of compounds which they can be entered into the human body through the various pathways. The aim of this study was to examine associations between prenatal phthalates exposure with anthropometric measures of neonates. Urine samples were obtained from 121 Iranian pregnant women at their first trimester of pregnancy, and the levels of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) metabolites were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The correlations between the maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with anthropometric measures of neonates as well as with the socio-demographic factors of participants (maternal education, age, family income, pre-pregnancy body mass index), their lifestyle variables (smoking habit, food pattern, and physical activity), and use of cleaning products (cosmetic and household cleaning products) were investigated. MBzP, MBP, MEHP, and MEHHP were detected in 100% of the participants with the concentration ranged 120 to 860 μg/g creatinine. Significant correlations were observed between the urinary levels of maternal MBzP (adjusted β = 0.3 (0.001), p = 0.03) and MEHHP (adjusted β = 0.3 (0.001), p = 0.04) with the birth weight of female neonates. MBP (adjusted β = -0.3 (0.02), p = 0.04) and MBzP (adjusted β = -0.3 (0.001), p = 0.02) had negative associations with the head circumference in male and female newborns, respectively. Furthermore, plastic packaging for pickle and passive smoking during pregnancy were identified to be significantly associated with low birth weight (p value < 0.05). Iranian pregnant women had higher concentrations of urinary phthalates compared to the other countries. Based on the findings, the higher prenatal exposure to phthalates could adversely impact the health status of newborns.
邻苯二甲酸酯或邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）是一组化合物，它们可以通过各种途径进入人体。本研究旨在研究产前邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与新生儿人体测量指标之间的关系。从 121 名伊朗孕妇的妊娠早期采集尿液样本，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC/MS）测定单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBP）、单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯（MBzP）、单-2-乙基己基邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHP）和单-（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHHP）代谢物的水平。研究了母体尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度与新生儿人体测量指标以及参与者的社会人口统计学因素（母亲教育程度、年龄、家庭收入、孕前体重指数）、生活方式变量（吸烟习惯、饮食模式和体力活动）以及清洁产品（化妆品和家用清洁产品）的使用之间的相关性。在 100%的参与者中检测到 MBzP、MBP、MEHP 和 MEHHP，浓度范围为 120 至 860μg/g 肌酐。母体 MBzP（调整后β=0.3（0.001），p=0.03）和 MEHHP（调整后β=0.3（0.001），p=0.04）与女婴出生体重呈显著正相关。MBP（调整后β=-0.3（0.02），p=0.04）和 MBzP（调整后β=-0.3（0.001），p=0.02）分别与男婴和女婴的头围呈负相关。此外，泡菜的塑料包装和怀孕期间的被动吸烟被确定与低出生体重显著相关（p 值<0.05）。与其他国家相比，伊朗孕妇尿液中的邻苯二甲酸酯浓度较高。基于这些发现，产前邻苯二甲酸酯暴露水平较高可能会对新生儿的健康状况产生不利影响。
