Rather Muzamil Ahmad, Dolley Anutee, Hazarika Nabajit, Ritse Vimha, Sarma Kuladip, Jamir Latonglila, Satapathy Siddhartha Shankar, Ray Suvendra Kumar, Deka Ramesh Chandra, Biswal Ajaya Kumar, Doley Robin, Mandal Manabendra, Namsa Nima D
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India.
Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Guwahati, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 23;13:831589. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831589. eCollection 2022.
The paper and pulp industry (PPI) is one of the largest industries that contribute to the growing economy of the world. While wood remains the primary raw material of the PPIs, the demand for paper has also grown alongside the expanding global population, leading to deforestation and ecological imbalance. Wood-based paper production is associated with enormous utilization of water resources and the release of different wastes and untreated sludge that degrades the quality of the environment and makes it unsafe for living creatures. In line with this, the indigenous handmade paper making from the bark of , Wall. ex G. Don by the Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India is considered as a potential alternative to non-wood fiber. This study discusses the species distribution modeling of , community-based production of the paper, and glycome profiling of the paper by plant cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. The algorithms used for ecological and geographical modeling indicated the maximum predictive distribution of the plant toward the western parts of Arunachal Pradesh. It was also found that the suitable distribution of was largely affected by the precipitation and temperature variables. Plant cell walls are primarily made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and glycoproteins. Non-cellulosic cell wall glycans contribute significantly to various physical properties such as density, crystallinity, and tensile strength of plant cell walls. Therefore, a detailed analysis of non-cellulosic cell wall glycan through glycome profiling and glycosyl residue composition analysis is important for the polymeric composition and commercial processing of paper. ELISA-based glycome profiling results demonstrated that major classes of cell wall glycans such as xylan, arabinogalactans, and rhamnogalacturonan-I were present on paper. The presence of these polymers in the Himalayan Buddhist handmade paper of Arunachal Pradesh is correlated with its high tensile strength. The results of this study imply that non-cellulosic cell wall glycans are required for the production of high-quality paper. To summarize, immediate action is required to strengthen the centuries-old practice of handmade paper, which can be achieved through education, workshops, technical know-how, and effective marketing aid to entrepreneurs.
造纸和纸浆工业（PPI）是推动全球经济增长的最大产业之一。虽然木材仍然是造纸和纸浆工业的主要原材料，但随着全球人口的增长，纸张需求也在增加，这导致了森林砍伐和生态失衡。以木材为基础的纸张生产伴随着大量水资源的利用以及不同废物和未经处理的污泥的排放，这些都会降低环境质量，对生物造成危害。与此相关的是，印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦的门巴族利用Wall. ex G. Don的树皮进行本土手工造纸，被认为是一种潜在的非木材纤维替代品。本研究讨论了该植物的物种分布建模、基于社区的纸张生产以及通过植物细胞壁聚糖导向的单克隆抗体对纸张进行聚糖谱分析。用于生态和地理建模的算法表明，该植物在阿鲁纳恰尔邦西部的预测分布最为广泛。研究还发现，该植物的适宜分布在很大程度上受降水和温度变量的影响。植物细胞壁主要由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶和糖蛋白组成。非纤维素细胞壁聚糖对植物细胞壁的各种物理性质，如密度、结晶度和拉伸强度有重要贡献。因此，通过聚糖谱分析和糖基残基组成分析对非纤维素细胞壁聚糖进行详细分析，对于该植物纸张的聚合物组成和商业加工具有重要意义。基于酶联免疫吸附测定的聚糖谱分析结果表明，该植物纸张上存在主要的细胞壁聚糖类别，如木聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖和鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖-I。这些聚合物在阿鲁纳恰尔邦喜马拉雅佛教手工纸中的存在与其高拉伸强度相关。本研究结果表明，生产高质量纸张需要非纤维素细胞壁聚糖。总之，需要立即采取行动加强有着数百年历史的手工造纸做法，这可以通过教育、研讨会、技术知识以及对企业家的有效营销援助来实现。
