Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2022 Sep;21(9):1233-1242. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2085565. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease. Due to the evolving nature of influenza viruses, the composition of vaccines has to be updated annually. Most of the current influenza vaccines are still produced in embryonated chicken eggs, a well-established process with some limitations.
This review focuses on the recombinant DNA technology using baculovirus expression vector system a modern method of manufacturing licensed influenza vaccines. The speed, scalability, biosafety and flexibility of the process, together with the reliability of the hemagglutinin in the vaccine, represent a significant advance toward new platforms for vaccine production.
The scenario of vaccine production in the next years seems to be particularly interesting, involving a transition from the current egg-based production to new technologies, such as the cell culture platform, the RNA technology, the plant-based system, and the DNA vaccine. This latter offers great advantages over egg- and cell-based influenza vaccine production. The universal vaccine remains the goal of researchers and ideally would avoid the need for annual reformulation and re-administration of seasonal vaccines. The lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of having different technologies available and able to promptly respond to a great demand of vaccines worldwide.
流感是一种可通过疫苗预防的疾病。由于流感病毒的不断演变，疫苗的成分每年都需要更新。目前大多数流感疫苗仍在鸡胚中生产，这是一种经过充分验证的方法，但也存在一些局限性。
本文重点介绍了使用杆状病毒表达载体系统的重组 DNA 技术，这是一种生产许可流感疫苗的现代方法。该过程的速度、可扩展性、生物安全性和灵活性，以及疫苗中血凝素的可靠性，代表了疫苗生产新平台的重大进展。
未来几年的疫苗生产情况似乎特别有趣，涉及从当前基于鸡蛋的生产向新的技术过渡，如细胞培养平台、RNA 技术、植物系统和 DNA 疫苗。后一种方法比基于鸡蛋和细胞的流感疫苗生产具有更大的优势。通用疫苗仍然是研究人员的目标，理想情况下可以避免每年对季节性疫苗进行重新配方和重新给药。从 COVID-19 大流行中吸取的教训强调了拥有不同技术并能够及时满足全球对疫苗的巨大需求的重要性。
