Department of Psychological Science.
Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2023 Jan;49(1):130-176. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001128. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
Previous studies on spoken word production have shown that native English speakers used phoneme-sized units (e.g., a word-initial phoneme, C) to produce English words, and native Mandarin Chinese speakers employed syllable-sized units (e.g., a word-initial consonant and vowel, CV) as phonological encoding units in Chinese. With spoken word production, although spoken word recognition is a fundamental language skill of human beings, it is unknown whether a Chinese-English bilingual listener can adjust the phonological unit sizes depending on the language used. Using four mouse-tracking spoken word recognition experiments, participants listened to spoken words (either presented in English or Chinese) while viewing a display of two written words. In Experiment 1, Chinese-English bilinguals experienced a larger phonological competition in the CV condition than the control condition, indicating that they recruited syllables when listening to Chinese monosyllabic words. Experiment 2 extended the results of Experiment 1 with a set of Chinese disyllabic words and further revealed the temporal distribution of syllable overlap of a spoken word constrains phonological competition. In Experiment 3, Chinese-English bilinguals exhibited a greater phonological competition in both CV and C conditions that mirrored those reported with English monolinguals in Experiment 4. Our results across experiments demonstrated that Chinese-English bilinguals employed both phonemes and syllables to recognize English spoken words but exclusively relied on syllables to recognize Chinese words, suggesting that there is flexibility in selecting phonological units when recognizing spoken words in the two languages. Implications for models of monolingual and bilingual spoken recognition are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
先前关于口语产生的研究表明，以英语为母语的人使用音位大小的单位（例如，单词起始音位 C）来产生英语单词，而以汉语为母语的人则将音节大小的单位（例如，起始辅音和元音 CV）作为汉语的音韵编码单位。在口语产生中，尽管口语识别是人类的基本语言技能，但尚不清楚双语聆听者是否可以根据所使用的语言调整音韵单位大小。通过四项鼠标追踪口语识别实验，参与者在观看两个书写单词的显示的同时听取口语单词（无论是以英语还是汉语呈现）。在实验 1 中，与对照条件相比，汉英双语者在 CV 条件下经历了更大的音韵竞争，这表明他们在听到汉语单音节词时会使用音节。实验 2 通过一组汉语双音节词扩展了实验 1 的结果，并进一步揭示了语音重叠的时间分布对口语单词的音韵竞争的限制。在实验 3 中，汉英双语者在 CV 和 C 条件下均表现出更大的音韵竞争，与实验 4 中报告的英语单语者的情况相呼应。我们在所有实验中的结果表明，汉英双语者既使用音位又使用音节来识别英语口语单词，但仅依靠音节来识别汉语单词，这表明在识别两种语言的口语单词时，选择音韵单位具有灵活性。还讨论了对单语和双语口语识别模型的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
