Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Aug;241:113717. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113717. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds in the urine of smokers and the control group considering the role of age, weight, job, history of waterpipe and cigarette smoking, and driving time. The chemicals in the urine of 99 smokers and 31 nonsmokers were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method and their concentrations were measured by liquid injection GC/MS. The mean concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and total BTEX in waterpipe smokers were found to be 471.40, 670.90, 127.91, 167.64, 90.62, 46.04, and 1574.50 ng/g. creatinine, respectively. For the waterpipe&cigarette smokers, the concentration of the compounds were 708.00, 959.00, 146.40, 192.50, 93.30, 53.07, and 2152.00 ng/g.creatinine, respectively. For nonsmokers the concentrations of these compounds were 88.12, 140.40, 36.68, 57.29, 31.53, 26.21, and 380.30 ng/g.creatinine, respectively. Driving time, waterpipe smoking and cigarette smoking were positively associated with BTEX concentration (p < 0.05). Fruity tobacco showed higher concentrations of BTEX compared to the regular tobacco, and athlete persons had les urinary BTEX than the non-athletes. There was not significant correlation between the BTEX and age, height, weight, and BMI. High concentrations of BTEX compounds in the urine of waterpipe and cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers indicate that waterpipe and cigarette can be an important source of exposure to these compounds and the known adverse effects of these compounds, especially carcinogenicity, threaten the health of smokers.
本研究旨在比较吸烟组和对照组人群尿液中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）化合物的浓度，同时考虑年龄、体重、职业、水烟和香烟吸烟史以及驾驶时间的作用。采用液-液萃取法提取 99 名吸烟者和 31 名非吸烟者尿液中的化学物质，并用液体注射 GC/MS 测量其浓度。结果发现，水烟吸烟者尿液中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和总 BTEX 的浓度分别为 471.40、670.90、127.91、167.64、90.62、46.04 和 1574.50ng/g.肌酸酐。对于水烟和香烟吸烟者，这些化合物的浓度分别为 708.00、959.00、146.40、192.50、93.30、53.07 和 2152.00ng/g.肌酸酐。对于非吸烟者，这些化合物的浓度分别为 88.12、140.40、36.68、57.29、31.53、26.21 和 380.30ng/g.肌酸酐。驾驶时间、水烟吸烟和香烟吸烟与 BTEX 浓度呈正相关（p<0.05）。水果味烟草的 BTEX 浓度高于普通烟草，运动员尿液中的 BTEX 浓度低于非运动员。BTEX 与年龄、身高、体重和 BMI 之间无显著相关性。与不吸烟者相比，水烟和香烟吸烟者尿液中 BTEX 化合物浓度较高，表明水烟和香烟可能是接触这些化合物的重要来源，这些化合物已知的不良影响，特别是致癌性，威胁着吸烟者的健康。
