Sattler Sebastian, van Veen Floris, Hasselhorn Fabian, Mehlkop Guido, Sauer Carsten
Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany; Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Germany; Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada.
Faculty of Economics, Law and Social Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany.
Soc Sci Res. 2022 Aug;106:102693. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102693. Epub 2021 Dec 26.
Criminal action, according to Situational Action Theory (SAT), is a two-stage process consisting of a perception and a choice process. This Germany-wide vignette study (N = 3,088, participants recruited offline) provides an explicit and extensive test of these processes. It experimentally varied the informal moral context, deterrence (sanctions and detection risk), and possible gains of selling prescription drugs illegally in a 2x2x2×2 between-subject design. Personal morality and self-control were measured. Double-hurdle models show that personal morality served as a filter for the perception of criminal alternatives. Law-conforming moral context information, high self-control, and deterrence lowered the crime willingness. Thereby, this study underlines the usefulness of an explicit modeling of the dual-process of criminal conduct, in which certain antecedents only play a role in a certain process. While several findings corroborate assumptions from SAT, an influence of the informal moral context was only found in the choice process, not in the perception process.
根据情境行动理论（SAT），犯罪行为是一个由感知过程和选择过程组成的两阶段过程。这项在德国范围内开展的 vignette 研究（N = 3088，参与者通过线下招募）对这些过程进行了明确且广泛的测试。它在一个 2×2×2×2 的组间设计中，通过实验改变了非正式道德背景、威慑因素（制裁和被发现的风险）以及非法销售处方药可能获得的收益。研究还测量了个人道德和自我控制能力。双障碍模型表明，个人道德作为对犯罪选择感知的一种筛选机制。符合法律的道德背景信息、高自我控制能力和威慑因素降低了犯罪意愿。因此，本研究强调了对犯罪行为双过程进行明确建模的有用性，其中某些前因仅在特定过程中起作用。虽然一些研究结果证实了情境行动理论的假设，但非正式道德背景的影响仅在选择过程中被发现，而在感知过程中未被发现。
