Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 24;19(11):6366. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116366.
Despite intensive HIV education and prevention efforts in the past few years, stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLWH) remain a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes regarding HIV and identify correlative factors that impact the perceptions of PLWH among a heretofore overlooked demographic in Vietnamese society: women who are migrant workers in designated industrial zones (IZs). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1061 women migrant workers aged 18 to 29 from January 2020 to November 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were measured using a four-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Our findings indicate both substantial levels of stigma persisting among this demographic group as well as the influence of important mitigating factors on the expression of HIV-related stigma. Over seventy-six percent (76.2%) of the participants reported having at least one of the four stigmatizing attitudes. Greater levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were significantly associated with lower HIV knowledge, lower levels of education, and identifying as Kinh (the ethnic majority in Vietnam). Additionally, this study found that questions framing HIV infection through a familial lens were significantly associated with lower rates of stigmatizing responses. The high overall levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH among the study participants suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of culturally appropriate interventions and outreach education activities to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH among women who are migrant workers working in the IZs in Vietnam. This study adds to both the existing literature and current efforts and policies around HIV in Vietnam by empirically suggesting that familial-based messaging may be a powerful potential narrative for interventions addressing HIV-related issues such as stigma.
尽管在过去几年中，越南开展了艾滋病毒防治方面的强化教育和预防工作，但对艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的污名化态度仍然是艾滋病防治工作的主要障碍。本研究旨在调查对 HIV 的污名化态度的流行程度，并确定影响越南社会中一个此前被忽视的群体（在指定工业区工作的女性移民工人）对 PLWH 的看法的相关因素。2020 年 1 月至 2020 年 11 月，在越南河内对 1061 名年龄在 18 至 29 岁的女性移民工人进行了横断面研究。使用四项量表测量对 PLWH 的污名化态度。采用多因素逻辑回归分析检验与污名化态度相关的因素。研究结果表明，在这个群体中，污名化现象仍然存在，并且一些重要的减轻因素对表达与 HIV 相关的污名化态度有影响。超过 76%（76.2%）的参与者报告至少有一种四项污名化态度。对 PLWH 的污名化态度越严重，与 HIV 知识水平较低、教育程度较低以及认定自己为京族（越南的主要民族）显著相关。此外，本研究发现，从家庭视角来描述 HIV 感染的问题与较低的污名化反应率显著相关。研究参与者对 PLWH 的总体污名化态度较高，这表明迫切需要制定文化上适当的干预措施和外展教育活动，以减少在越南指定工业区工作的移民女工对 PLWH 的污名化态度。本研究通过实证研究建议，以家庭为基础的信息传递可能是解决与 HIV 相关问题（如污名化）的干预措施的有力潜在叙事，从而为越南现有的 HIV 文献和当前的努力和政策做出了贡献。
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