Dang Thi Huong, Nguyen Bich Diep, Nguyen Thu Trang, Nguyen Lynn T, Giang Le Minh, Lin Chunqing
Center for Training and Research on Substance Use & HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, US.
AIDS Behav. 2025 Feb;29(2):435-442. doi: 10.1007/s10461-024-04520-x. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) in Vietnam encounter challenges stemming from HIV-related stigma and gender disparities. This study delves into the intersectionality of HIV-related stigma and gender disparities as perceived by WLHA. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 91 WLHA in Hanoi, Vietnam. Two sets of identically worded scales were used to measure awareness, agreement, and application of stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and WLHA. A larger difference between stigma scores towards WLHA and that of PLHA represents a higher level of female-specific stigma. Univariate analyses and multiple regressions were conducted to identify demographic and psycho-social factors associated with the gendered differences in stigma measures. Multiple linear regression showed that WLHA who were currently married were more likely to apply stigma concepts to themselves due to gender identity (adjusted beta coefficient (aBeta Coef) = 0.223). Psychological capital was negatively associated with awareness of stigma towards female identity (aBeta Coef = -0.261). A higher perceived norm in women's equity and power was associated with less self-application of female-specific stigma (aBeta Coef = -0.294). Our findings underscore the importance of addressing psychological well-being and promoting gender equity norms as essential components in the efforts to reduce female-specific HIV-related stigma in WLHA.
越南感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的女性（WLHA）面临着与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱感和性别差异所带来的挑战。本研究深入探讨了WLHA所感知到的与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱感和性别差异的交叉性。在越南河内对91名WLHA进行了横断面调查。使用两组措辞相同的量表来衡量对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLHA）和WLHA的耻辱感的认知、认同和应用情况。对WLHA的耻辱感得分与PLHA的耻辱感得分之间的较大差异代表了更高水平的女性特定耻辱感。进行了单因素分析和多元回归，以确定与耻辱感测量中的性别差异相关的人口统计学和心理社会因素。多元线性回归显示，目前已婚的WLHA由于性别认同更有可能将耻辱感概念应用于自己（调整后的β系数（aBeta Coef）=0.223）。心理资本与对女性身份耻辱感的认知呈负相关（aBeta Coef = -0.261）。对女性平等和权力的更高感知规范与较少自我应用女性特定耻辱感相关（aBeta Coef = -0.294）。我们的研究结果强调了关注心理健康和促进性别平等规范作为减少WLHA中与艾滋病毒相关的女性特定耻辱感努力的重要组成部分的重要性。
