Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 24;19(11):6381. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116381.
Self-confidence is a common research topic, and most applied textbooks include interventions designed to enhance athlete confidence. Our purpose was to quantify the self-confidence and sport performance literature using meta-analytic techniques. We also examined potential risk of bias indicators, and the moderation effects of study quality, sport characteristics, timing of confidence measurement, and individual differences among participants. Following a review of two past meta-analyses, a systematic search of APA PsycArticles, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsychINFO, and SPORTDiscus within the EBSCOhost platform, and some hand searching, 41 articles published between 1986 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, the included studies investigated 3711 athletes from 15 countries across 24 sports. The overall random effects estimate of the relationship (expressed as ) between self-confidence and performance was 0.25 (95% CI 0.19, 0.30), with little evidence of publication bias. The summed total risk of the individual study bias score did not moderate the confidence-performance relationship, whereas significant moderator effects emerged for individual sports (0.29) compared with team sports (0.14), objective (0.29) compared to subjective (0.14) performance measures, and 100% male (0.35) compared to 100% female (0.07) samples. In conclusion, the confidence-performance relationship is small in magnitude, nearly free of bias, and moderated by sport type, performance objectivity, and athlete sex.
自信是一个常见的研究课题，大多数应用教材都包括旨在增强运动员自信的干预措施。我们的目的是使用元分析技术对自信和运动表现文献进行量化。我们还检查了潜在的偏差风险指标，以及研究质量、运动特点、信心测量时间以及参与者个体差异的调节效应。在回顾了两项过去的元分析之后，我们在 APA PsycArticles、ERIC、Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection、PsychINFO 和 SPORTDiscus 等 EBSCOhost 平台上对心理学和行为科学文摘、心理学文摘以及运动学文摘进行了系统搜索，并进行了一些手工搜索，共检索到 2020 年以前发表的 41 篇文章符合纳入标准。这些纳入的研究共调查了来自 15 个国家的 24 项运动的 3711 名运动员。自信与表现之间关系的总体随机效应估计值（以表示）为 0.25（95%CI 0.19,0.30），几乎没有发表偏倚的证据。个体研究偏差得分的总和风险并未调节自信-表现关系，而个体运动（0.29）与团队运动（0.14）、客观（0.29）与主观（0.14）表现测量之间以及 100%男性（0.35）与 100%女性（0.07）样本之间出现了显著的调节效应。总之，自信-表现关系的幅度较小，几乎没有偏差，并且受到运动类型、表现客观性和运动员性别调节。
