College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 25;19(11):6435. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116435.
In light of the traffic congestion and traffic environment problems around schools that are caused by students commuting by car, this paper explores an efficient and feasible student commuting travel plan. Based on the ideas of "public-private cooperation" and "parking sharing", combined with the characteristics of the family travel chain during the commuting period, a joint-commuting model of "private car and school bus" is creatively proposed. On the basis of considering the travel cost of parents and the operating cost of school bus, a two-phase commuting travel model for primary and secondary schools is proposed, and an algorithm is designed. The validity of the model is verified by an example and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the total time cost can be reduced by 23.33% when the private-car commuting mode is converted to the joint-commuting model. Among the results, we found that the driving time of a private car in the school commuting phase can be reduced by 23.36%, the dwell time can be reduced by 92.29%, and the driving time in the work and home phase can be reduced by 7.44%. Compared with the school-bus commuting mode, the school-bus time cost of joint commuting can be reduced by 54.88%. In addition, by analyzing the impact of various factors on the objective function and vehicle emissions, it can be seen that staggered commuting to school, regulating regional traffic volume, increasing parking spaces, and improving the utilization of parking spaces can effectively reduce the operating time cost of vehicles and exhaust emissions. The joint-commuting model proposed in this paper considers the balance between service level and resource consumption. While meeting the door-to-door travel needs of students, it can effectively reduce the travel costs of parents and school-bus operation costs, and it can alleviate traffic congestion around schools and reduce the impact on the environment.
鉴于学生驾车上下学导致的学校周边交通拥堵和交通环境问题，本文探讨了一种高效可行的学生通勤出行方案。基于“公私合作”和“停车共享”的理念，结合家庭通勤时段出行链的特点，创造性地提出了“私家车+校车”的联合通勤模式。在考虑家长出行成本和校车运营成本的基础上，提出了中小学生两阶段通勤出行模型，并设计了算法。通过实例验证和敏感性分析验证了模型的有效性。结果表明，将私家车通勤模式转换为联合通勤模式时，总时间成本可降低 23.33%。结果表明，在学校通勤阶段，私家车的驾驶时间可减少 23.36%，停留时间可减少 92.29%，工作和家庭阶段的驾驶时间可减少 7.44%。与校车通勤模式相比，联合通勤的校车时间成本可降低 54.88%。此外，通过分析各因素对目标函数和车辆排放的影响，可以看出错峰上下学、调节区域交通量、增加停车位、提高停车位利用率，可有效降低车辆运营时间成本和尾气排放。本文提出的联合通勤模式兼顾了服务水平和资源消耗的平衡，在满足学生门到门出行需求的同时，能有效降低家长出行成本和校车运营成本，缓解学校周边交通拥堵，减少对环境的影响。
