Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 5;19(11):6912. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116912.
COVID-19 represents a worldwide public health emergency, and, beyond the respiratory symptoms characterizing the classic viral disease, growing evidence has highlighted a possible reciprocal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thyroid dysfunction. The updated data discussed in this review suggests a role of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the thyroid gland, with multiple thyroid pictures described. Conversely, no conclusion can be drawn on the association between pre-existing thyroid disease and increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this scenario, selenium (Se), an essential trace element critical for thyroid function and known as an effective agent against viral infections, is emerging as a potential novel therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19. Large multicentre cohort studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying thyroid dysfunction during or following recovery from COVID-19, including Se status. Meanwhile, clinical trials should be performed to evaluate whether adequate intake of Se can help address COVID-19 in Se-deficient patients, also avoiding thyroid complications that can contribute to worsening outcomes during infection.
COVID-19 代表着全球公共卫生紧急事件，除了典型病毒疾病的呼吸道症状外，越来越多的证据强调了 SARS-CoV-2 感染和甲状腺功能障碍之间可能存在相互关系。本综述中讨论的最新数据表明 SARS-CoV-2 感染对甲状腺的影响，描述了多种甲状腺疾病。相反，对于甲状腺疾病与 SARS-CoV-2 感染风险增加之间的关联，尚无结论。在这种情况下，硒（Se）作为甲状腺功能所必需的微量元素，被认为是一种有效的抗病毒感染药物，作为 COVID-19 治疗的潜在新治疗选择而备受关注。需要进行大型多中心队列研究，以阐明 COVID-19 期间或之后甲状腺功能障碍的发生机制，包括 Se 状态。同时，应进行临床试验以评估适当的 Se 摄入是否有助于解决 Se 缺乏患者的 COVID-19 问题，同时避免可能导致感染期间预后恶化的甲状腺并发症。
