López-Cuenca Inés, Salobrar-García Elena, Sánchez-Puebla Lidia, Espejel Eva, García Del Arco Lucía, Rojas Pilar, Elvira-Hurtado Lorena, Fernández-Albarral José A, Ramírez-Toraño Federico, Barabash Ana, Salazar Juan J, Ramírez José M, de Hoz Rosa, Ramírez Ana I
Ramon Castroviejo Institute of Ophthalmologic Research, Group UCM 920105, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 6;11(11):3248. doi: 10.3390/jcm11113248.
In 103 subjects with a high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), family history (FH) of AD and ApoE ɛ4 characterization (ApoE ɛ4) were analyzed for changes in the retinal vascular network by OCTA (optical coherence tomography angiography), and AngioTool and Erlangen-Angio-Tool (EA-Tool) as imaging analysis software. Retinal vascularization was analyzed by measuring hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and high blood pressure (HBP). Angio-Tool showed a statistically significant higher percentage of area occupied by vessels in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4- group vs. in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group, and EA-Tool showed statistically significant higher vascular densities in the C3 ring in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group when compared with: i)FH- ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H3, H4, H10 and H11; and ii) FH+ ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H4 and H12. In participants with HCL and HBP, statistically significant changes were found, in particular using EA-Tool, both in the macular area, mainly in the deep plexus, and in the peripapillary area. In conclusion, OCTA in subjects with genetic risk factors for the development of AD showed an apparent increase in vascular density in some sectors of the retina, which was one of the first vascular changes detectable. These changes constitute a promising biomarker for monitoring the progression of pathological neuronal degeneration.
在103名患阿尔茨海默病（AD）遗传风险高的受试者中，通过光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCTA）以及使用AngioTool和埃尔朗根血管分析工具（EA-Tool）作为成像分析软件，分析了AD家族史（FH）和载脂蛋白E4特征（ApoEɛ4）对视网膜血管网络变化的影响。通过测量高胆固醇血症（HCL）和高血压（HBP）来分析视网膜血管形成情况。Angio-Tool显示，FH+ApoEɛ4-组血管所占面积百分比在统计学上显著高于FH+ApoEɛ4+组；与以下两组相比，EA-Tool显示FH+ApoEɛ4+组C3环的血管密度在统计学上显著更高：i）H3、H4、H10和H11区的FH-ApoEɛ4-组；ii）H4和H12区的FH+ApoEɛ4-组。在患有HCL和HBP的参与者中，尤其是使用EA-Tool时，在黄斑区（主要是深层神经丛）和视乳头周围区域发现了具有统计学意义的变化。总之，在具有AD发病遗传风险因素的受试者中，OCTA显示视网膜某些区域的血管密度明显增加，这是最早可检测到的血管变化之一。这些变化是监测病理性神经元变性进展的一个有前景的生物标志物。
