López-Cuenca Inés, de Hoz Rosa de, Salobrar-García Elena, Elvira-Hurtado Lorena, Rojas Pilar, Fernández-Albarral José A, Barabash Ana, Salazar Juan J, Ramírez Ana I, Ramírez José M
Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
OFTARED-ISCIII, IIORC (UCM), 28011 Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 3;9(6):1728. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061728.
In this case control study, we examined the retinal thickness of the different layers in the macular region and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy cognitive subjects (from 51 to 74 years old) at high genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty-five subjects with a family history of Alzheimer disease (AD) (FH+) and ApoE ɛ4 carriers and 29 age-matched control subjects without a family history of AD (FH-) and ApoE ɛ4 non-carriers were included. Compared to FH- ApoE ɛ4 non-carriers, in FH+ ApoE ɛ4 carriers, there were statistically significant decreases ( < 0.05) in (i) the foveal area of mRNFL; (ii) the inferior and nasal sectors in the outer and inner macular ring in the inner plexiform layer (IPL); (iii) the foveal area and the inferior sector in the outer macular ring in the inner nuclear layer (INL); and (iv) the inferior sector of the outer macular ring in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the peripapillary thickness of RNFL between both study groups. In subjects with cognitive health and high genetic risk for the development of AD, initial changes appeared in the macular area. OCT could be a promising, cost-effective and non-invasive test useful in early AD, before the onset of clinical symptoms.
在这项病例对照研究中，我们使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）检查了有患阿尔茨海默病（AD）高遗传风险的健康认知受试者（年龄在51至74岁之间）黄斑区不同层以及视乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）的视网膜厚度。研究纳入了35名有阿尔茨海默病家族史（AD）（FH +）且为载脂蛋白Eε4携带者的受试者，以及29名年龄匹配的无AD家族史（FH -）且非载脂蛋白Eε4携带者的对照受试者。与FH -非载脂蛋白Eε4携带者相比，在FH +载脂蛋白Eε4携带者中，（i）mRNFL的中央凹区域；（ii）内网状层（IPL）中外侧和内侧黄斑环的下方和鼻侧扇形区域；（iii）内核层（INL）中外侧黄斑环的中央凹区域和下方扇形区域；以及（iv）外网状层（OPL）中外侧黄斑环的下方扇形区域，均有统计学显著下降（<0.05）。然而，两组研究对象在视乳头周围RNFL厚度方面未发现统计学显著差异。在认知健康且有AD发生高遗传风险的受试者中，最初的变化出现在黄斑区。OCT可能是一种有前景、经济高效且无创的检测方法，在临床症状出现之前对早期AD有用。
