Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 4;14(11):2350. doi: 10.3390/nu14112350.
The health benefits of breast milk feeding have been well-established, yet disparities exist, with African American mothers having the lowest breast milk feeding rates in the United States. This prospective, longitudinal study examined infant feeding (breast milk and/or infant formula) from birth to age 16 weeks, predictors of any breast milk feeding by age 1 week, and predictors of cessation of any breast milk feeding by ages 3, 8, and 16 weeks among primiparous African American mothers. This secondary analysis included 185 mother-infant dyads from the Sleep SAAF (Strong African American Families) study, a randomized clinical trial testing a responsive parenting vs. child safety control intervention. Mothers reported sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics at age 1 week and infant feeding practices at ages 1, 3, 8, and 16 weeks. Rates of any breast milk feeding decreased from 66.5% at 1 week to 23.3% at 16 weeks. Bivariate logistic regression models showed that prepregnancy BMI (OR = 1.09), working prepregnancy (OR = 2.25), and food insecurity (OR = 2.49) significantly increased the odds of mothers feeding any breast milk by 1 week, whereas Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation (OR = 0.21) significantly decreased the odds. Bivariate logistic regression models showed that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation (OR = 2.86) and racial discrimination (OR = 2.14) significantly increased the odds of cessation of any breast milk feeding by 3 weeks. SNAP (OR = 2.33) and WIC (OR = 2.38) participation significantly increased the odds of cessation of any breast milk feeding by 8 weeks, whereas higher prepregnancy BMI (OR = 0.95) decreased the odds. Higher mother's age (OR = 0.92) significantly decreased the odds of cessation of any breast milk feeding by 16 weeks. The findings can be used to inform targeted interventions to promote mothers feeding any breast milk and help reduce breast milk feeding disparities among African American mothers.
母乳喂养对健康的益处已得到充分证实，但仍存在差异，非裔美国母亲的母乳喂养率最低。这项前瞻性、纵向研究调查了从出生到 16 周龄的婴儿喂养方式（母乳喂养和/或婴儿配方奶）、1 周龄时任何母乳喂养的预测因素，以及 3、8 和 16 周龄时任何母乳喂养停止的预测因素在初产妇非裔美国母亲中。这项二次分析包括来自睡眠 SAAF（强大的非裔美国家庭）研究的 185 对母婴对，这是一项测试反应性养育与儿童安全对照干预的随机临床试验。母亲在 1 周龄时报告社会人口统计学和心理社会特征，在 1、3、8 和 16 周龄时报告婴儿喂养方式。任何母乳喂养的比例从 1 周龄的 66.5%下降到 16 周龄的 23.3%。双变量逻辑回归模型显示，孕前 BMI（OR=1.09）、孕前工作（OR=2.25）和粮食不安全（OR=2.49）显著增加了母亲在 1 周龄时母乳喂养任何母乳的几率，而妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）参与（OR=0.21）则显著降低了这一几率。双变量逻辑回归模型显示，补充营养援助计划（SNAP）参与（OR=2.86）和种族歧视（OR=2.14）显著增加了 3 周龄时任何母乳停止的几率。SNAP（OR=2.33）和 WIC（OR=2.38）参与显著增加了 8 周龄时任何母乳停止的几率，而较高的孕前 BMI（OR=0.95）则降低了这一几率。母亲年龄较高（OR=0.92）显著降低了 16 周龄时任何母乳停止的几率。这些发现可以用来为有针对性的干预措施提供信息，以促进母亲喂养任何母乳，并帮助减少非裔美国母亲母乳喂养的差异。
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