Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Molecules. 2022 May 25;27(11):3397. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113397.
The pyrolysis of biomass material results in pyroligneous acid (PA) and biochar, among other by-products. In agriculture, PA is recognized as an antimicrobial agent, bio-insecticide, and bio-herbicide due to antioxidant activity provided by a variety of constituent materials. Application of PA to crop plants and soil can result in growth promotion, improved soil health, and reduced reliance on polluting chemical crop inputs. More detailed information regarding chemical compound content within PA and identification of optimal chemical profiles for growth promotion in different crop species is essential for application to yield effective results. Additionally, biochar and PA are often applied in tandem for increased agricultural benefits, but little is known regarding the optimal proportion of each crop input. This work reports on the effect of combined applications of different proportions of PA (200- and 800-fold dilutions) and chemical fertilizer rates (100%, 75%, 50%, and 0%) in the presence or absence of biochar on Komatsuna ( var. , Japanese mustard spinach) plant growth. To elucidate the chemical composition of the applied PA, four different spectroscopic measurements of fluorescence excitation were utilized for analysis-excitation-emission matrix, ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was determined that PA originating from pyrolysis of Japanese pine wood contained different classes of biostimulants (e.g., tryptophan, humic acid, and fulvic acid), and application to Komatsuna plants resulted in increased growth when applied alone, and in different combinations with the other two inputs. Additionally, application of biochar and PA at the higher dilution rate increased leaf accumulation of nutrients, calcium, and phosphorus. These effects reveal that PA and biochar are promising materials for sustainable crop production.
生物质材料的热解会产生木醋液（PA）和生物炭等副产物。在农业中，由于各种成分材料提供的抗氧化活性，PA 被认为是一种抗菌剂、生物杀虫剂和生物除草剂。将 PA 应用于农作物和土壤可以促进生长、改善土壤健康，并减少对污染化学作物投入的依赖。了解 PA 中的化学化合物含量以及确定不同作物品种生长促进的最佳化学特征对于获得有效的结果至关重要。此外，生物炭和 PA 通常同时应用以提高农业效益，但对于每种作物投入的最佳比例知之甚少。本工作报告了不同比例的 PA（200 倍和 800 倍稀释）和化肥用量（100%、75%、50%和 0%）与生物炭同时存在或不存在时对小松菜（var. ，日本芥末菠菜）植物生长的影响。为了阐明应用的 PA 的化学组成，利用荧光激发的四种不同光谱测量方法进行了分析——激发-发射矩阵、离子色谱、高效液相色谱和气相色谱-质谱。结果表明，来自日本松木热解的 PA 含有不同类别的生物刺激剂（如色氨酸、腐殖酸和富里酸），单独应用于小松菜植物时会促进生长，与其他两种投入物以不同组合应用时也会促进生长。此外，高稀释率下的生物炭和 PA 的应用增加了叶片对营养物质、钙和磷的积累。这些效果表明，PA 和生物炭是可持续作物生产的有前途的材料。
