Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5697194781, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 416351314, Iran.
Molecules. 2022 May 31;27(11):3531. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113531.
Although the use of synthetic chemicals is the principal method for insect pest management, their widespread application has led to numerous side effects, including environmental pollution and threats to human and animal health. Plant essential oils have been introduced as promising natural substitutes for synthetic insecticides. However, high volatility and/or low durability are the main limiting factors for essential oil application for control of insect pests. Accordingly, along with an evaluation of the fumigant toxicity of essential oil against the cowpea weevil, , essential oil was nanoencapsulated by two mesoporous silicates, MCM-41 and zeolite 3A, to enhance fumigant persistence and toxicity. The chemical profile of essential oil was also analyzed through gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. essential oil showed significant concentration-dependent toxicity against insect pests; a concentration of 5.16 μL/L resulted in 100% mortality after 48 h. The toxicity of essential oil could be attributed to the presence of various insecticidal terpenes, such as spathulenol (15.6%), cryptone (7.0%), and 1,8-cineole (5.8%). Fumigant persistence was increased from 6 days to 19 and 17 days for pure and capsulated essential oil with MCM-41 and Zeolite 3A, respectively. The insect mortality also increased from 99 insects in pure essential oil to 178 and 180 insects in MCM-41 and Zeolite 3A encapsulated formulations, respectively. Therefore, the encapsulation of essential oil by MCM- 41 and Zeolite 3A is a beneficial method for enhancing its persistence and toxicity against .
虽然合成化学品的使用是害虫管理的主要方法,但它们的广泛应用导致了许多副作用,包括环境污染和对人类和动物健康的威胁。植物精油已被引入作为合成杀虫剂的有前途的天然替代品。然而,高挥发性和/或低耐久性是精油应用于防治害虫的主要限制因素。因此,在评估香芹酚对豇豆象的熏蒸毒性的同时,通过两种中孔硅 MCM-41 和沸石 3A 将香芹酚纳米封装,以提高熏蒸持久性和毒性。还通过气相色谱-质谱分析了精油的化学特征。香芹酚对害虫表现出显著的浓度依赖性毒性;浓度为 5.16 μL/L 时,48 小时后死亡率达到 100%。精油的毒性可归因于存在各种杀虫萜烯,如 spathulenol(15.6%)、cryptone(7.0%)和 1,8-桉树脑(5.8%)。与纯香芹酚相比,纯香芹酚和用 MCM-41 和沸石 3A 封装的香芹酚的熏蒸持久性分别从 6 天增加到 19 天和 17 天。昆虫死亡率也从纯香芹酚中的 99 只昆虫增加到 MCM-41 和沸石 3A 封装制剂中的 178 只和 180 只昆虫。因此,用 MCM-41 和沸石 3A 对香芹酚进行封装是一种有益的方法,可以提高其对豇豆象的持久性和毒性。