Ebadollahi Asgar, Valizadeh Bita, Panahandeh Saleh, Mirhosseini Hadiseh, Zolfaghari Maryam, Changbunjong Tanasak
Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5697194781, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Aug 27;12(17):2971. doi: 10.3390/nano12172971.
Nanoformulation has been considered one of the newly applied methods in integrated pest management strategies. In this research, a conventional neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid was nanoencapsulated via AL (Sodium Alginate) and PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) and tested against the elm leaf beetle . The synthesized particles had spherical-like morphology and nanoscale based on TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering). The encapsulation efficiency and loading percentages of acetamiprid in AL and PEG were 92.58% and 90.15%, and 88.46% and 86.79%, respectively. Leaf discs treated with different formulations by the leaf-dipping method were used for oral toxicity assays. The LC values (Lethal Concentration to kill 50% of insect population) of acetamiprid and Al- and PEG-nanoencapsulated formulations on third-instar larvae were 0.68, 0.04, and 0.08 ppm, respectively. Based on the highest relative potency, AL-encapsulated acetamiprid had the most toxicity. The content of energy reserve protein, glucose, and triglyceride and the activity of detoxifying enzymes esterase and glutathione S-transferase of the larvae treated by LC values of nanoformulations were also decreased. According to the current findings, the nanoencapsulation of acetamiprid by Al and PEG can increase its insecticidal performance in terms of lethal and sublethal toxicity.
纳米制剂已被视为综合虫害管理策略中新应用的方法之一。在本研究中，一种传统的新烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒通过海藻酸钠（AL）和聚乙二醇（PEG）进行纳米包封，并针对榆叶甲进行了测试。基于透射电子显微镜（TEM）和动态光散射（DLS），合成的颗粒具有球形形态且为纳米级。啶虫脒在海藻酸钠和聚乙二醇中的包封效率和负载百分比分别为92.58%和90.15%，以及88.46%和86.79%。通过浸叶法用不同制剂处理的叶盘用于口服毒性测定。啶虫脒以及海藻酸钠和聚乙二醇纳米包封制剂对三龄幼虫的致死浓度（杀死50%昆虫种群的致死浓度）LC值分别为0.68、0.04和0.08 ppm。基于最高相对效力，海藻酸钠包封的啶虫脒毒性最大。用纳米制剂的LC值处理的幼虫的能量储备蛋白、葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量以及解毒酶酯酶和谷胱甘肽S -转移酶的活性也降低了。根据当前研究结果，海藻酸钠和聚乙二醇对啶虫脒的纳米包封在致死和亚致死毒性方面可提高其杀虫性能。
