Toemjai Thawatchai, Thongkrajai Pramote, Nithikathkul Choosak
Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand.
Tropical and Parasitic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand.
One Health. 2022 May 13;14:100399. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100399. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in Si Sa Ket, Thailand. Humans can become infected direct contact with the urine of infected animal reservoir hosts or by indirect contact with contaminated soil and water in the environment. This study examined the factors affecting preventive behavior against leptospirosis among the population at risk in Si Sa Ket, Thailand. A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted by a representative population survey using a four-stage stratified random sampling to select 350 respondents aged 18-65 years from the fifth districts with the highest morbidity rate in 2010-2019. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. The majority of the respondents were male (53.40%), aged 46-55 years (31.20%), and agricultural workers (76.00%). Their knowledge (M = 10.78, SD = 1.60), perceived severity (M = 2.91, SD = 0.60), perceived probability (M = 2.98, SD = 0.64), self-efficacy expectations (M = 3.18, SD = 0.63), responses-efficacy expectations (M = 3.16, SD = 0.71), social support (M = 3.19, SD = 0.52), and preventive behavior against leptospirosis (M = 3.29, SD = 0.49) were at moderate level. Significant factors affecting leptospirosis preventive behaviors were history of leptospirosis illness (β = 0.312), social support (β = 0.240), perceived probability (β = 0.238), household members with a history of leptospirosis illness (β = 0.158), perceived severity (β = 0.114), self-efficacy expectations (β = 0.094) and knowledge (β = 0.088) regarding leptospirosis. All of these factors could together predict the preventive behavior against leptospirosis up to 42.8% (Adjusted R = 0.428). Public health interventions should be strengthening people's perception and awareness regarding leptospirosis and the promotion of preventive health behavior to prevent potential outbreaks.
钩端螺旋体病是泰国四色菊府的一个主要公共卫生问题。人类可通过直接接触受感染动物储存宿主的尿液或间接接触环境中受污染的土壤和水而感染。本研究调查了泰国四色菊府高危人群中影响钩端螺旋体病预防行为的因素。采用四阶段分层随机抽样方法，对2010 - 2019年发病率最高的五个区中350名年龄在18 - 65岁的受访者进行了代表性人口调查，并开展了横断面问卷调查。数据通过描述性统计和逐步多元回归进行分析。大多数受访者为男性(53.40%)，年龄在46 - 55岁之间(31.20%)，职业为农业工人(76.00%)。他们的知识水平(M = 10.78, SD = 1.60)、感知严重性(M = 2.91, SD = 0.60)、感知可能性(M = 2.98, SD = 0.64)、自我效能期望(M = 3.18, SD = 0.63)、反应效能期望(M = 3.16, SD = 0.71)、社会支持(M = 3.19, SD = 0.52)以及钩端螺旋体病预防行为(M = 3.29, SD = 0.49)均处于中等水平。影响钩端螺旋体病预防行为的显著因素包括钩端螺旋体病患病史(β = 0.312)、社会支持(β = 0.240)、感知可能性(β = 0.238)、有钩端螺旋体病患病史的家庭成员(β = 0.158)、感知严重性(β = 0.114)、自我效能期望(β = 0.094)以及关于钩端螺旋体病的知识(β = 0.088)。所有这些因素共同可预测钩端螺旋体病预防行为的比例高达42.8%(调整后R = 0.428)。公共卫生干预措施应加强人们对钩端螺旋体病的认知和意识，并促进预防性健康行为，以预防潜在的疫情爆发。
