School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom.
School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 10;17(6):e0267385. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267385. eCollection 2022.
Over recent decades, the abundance and geographic ranges of wild ungulate species have expanded in many parts of Europe, including the UK. Populations are managed to mitigate their ecological impacts using interventions, such as shooting, fencing and administering contraception. Predicting how target species will respond to interventions is critical for developing sustainable, effective and efficient management strategies. However, the quantity and quality of evidence of the effects of interventions on ungulate species is unclear. To address this, we systematically mapped research on the effects of population management on wild ungulate species resident in the UK.
We searched four bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and nine organisational websites using search terms tested with a library of 30 relevant articles. Worldwide published peer-reviewed articles were considered, supplemented by 'grey' literature from UK-based sources. Three reviewers identified and screened articles for eligibility at title, abstract and full-text levels, based on predefined criteria. Data and metadata were extracted and summarised in a narrative synthesis supported by structured graphical matrices.
A total of 123 articles were included in the systematic map. Lethal interventions were better represented (85%, n = 105) than non-lethal interventions (25%, n = 25). Outcomes related to demography and behaviour were reported in 95% of articles (n = 117), whereas effects on health, physiology and morphology were studied in only 11% of articles (n = 14). Well-studied species included wild pigs (n = 58), red deer (n = 28) and roe deer (n = 23).
Evidence for the effects of population management on wild ungulate species is growing but currently limited and unevenly distributed across intervention types, outcomes and species. Priorities for primary research include: species responses to non-lethal interventions, the side-effects of shooting and studies on sika deer and Chinese muntjac. Shooting is the only intervention for which sufficient evidence exists for systematic review or meta-analysis.
近几十年来，包括英国在内的许多欧洲地区的野生有蹄类动物的数量和地理分布范围都有所扩大。人们通过干预措施（如射击、围栏和避孕）来管理这些种群，以减轻其对生态的影响。预测目标物种对干预措施的反应对于制定可持续、有效和高效的管理策略至关重要。然而，干预措施对有蹄类物种影响的证据数量和质量尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们系统地绘制了有关英国野生动物管理对野生有蹄类物种影响的研究。
我们使用经过 30 篇相关文章测试的检索词，在四个书目数据库、Google Scholar 和九个组织网站上进行了搜索。考虑了全世界发表的同行评议文章，并补充了来自英国来源的“灰色”文献。三名评审员根据预设标准，在标题、摘要和全文层面上确定并筛选符合条件的文章。在结构化图形矩阵支持下，以叙述性综述的形式提取和总结数据和元数据。
系统地图共纳入 123 篇文章。致命干预措施（85%，n=105）比非致命干预措施（25%，n=25）更有代表性。95%的文章（n=117）报告了与人口统计学和行为有关的结果，而只有 11%的文章（n=14）研究了对健康、生理学和形态学的影响。研究较多的物种包括野猪（n=58）、马鹿（n=28）和狍（n=23）。
关于人口管理对野生有蹄类动物的影响的证据正在增加，但目前仍然有限，并且在干预类型、结果和物种之间分布不均。主要研究的优先事项包括：非致命干预措施对物种的反应、射击的副作用以及对梅花鹿和中华麂的研究。射击是唯一有足够证据进行系统评价或荟萃分析的干预措施。
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