Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
BMC Vet Res. 2022 Jun 10;18(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03322-4.
This study examined the effects of a solid-state fermented feed additive (FFA) on the small intestine histology/morphology, immunity and microbiota of broilers. Two hundred eighty-eight day-old Arbor Acre chicks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (each group has 6 replicates, with each replicate containing 12 chickens). The negative control (NC; basal diet), the positive control (PC; basal diet +antibiotic 15 ppm), the fermented feed additive low dose (FFL; basal diet + 0.3 kg/t FFA), and the fermented feed additive high dose (FFH; 3 kg/t FFA) with Lactobacillus casei (L.casei).
The study found that the FFH and FFL groups gained more weight (1-21d) and the FFL and PC diets had better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) than the NC from 0-42d. The FFH group had higher villus height (P < 0.05) in the duodenum than the PC and villus height to crypt depth ratio VH/CD compared to PC and FFL groups. The FFL chickens had greater (P < 0.05) jejunal and ileal villus height than PC and NC groups respectively. The FFL group had a higher ileal VH/CD ratio (P < 0.05). Jejunum VH/CD was higher in FFL and FFH (P < 0.05) than PC (P < 0.05). FFH had a smaller thymus than NC (P < 0.05). FFA diets also increased IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). While IL-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05) compared to NC. The microbiota analysis showed that the microorganisms that have pathogenic properties such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes was also significantly reduced in the group treated with FFH and PC while microorganisms having beneficial properties like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp were also tended to increase in the FFH and FFL fermented feed groups compared to the PC and NC groups.
These findings suggested that the FFA diet may modulate cecal microbiota by reducing pathogenic microorganisms such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes improve beneficial microorganisms like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp. While FFA diet also affect immunity, and gene expression related to immunity.
本研究探讨了固态发酵饲料添加剂（FFA）对肉鸡小肠组织形态、免疫和微生物群的影响。将 288 日龄的 Arbor Acre 小鸡随机分为四组（每组有 6 个重复，每个重复含有 12 只鸡）。阴性对照组（NC；基础日粮）、阳性对照组（PC；基础日粮+抗生素 15ppm）、发酵饲料添加剂低剂量组（FFL；基础日粮+0.3kg/tFFA）和发酵饲料添加剂高剂量组（FFH；3kg/tFFA）添加干酪乳杆菌（L.casei）。
研究发现，FFH 和 FFL 组在 1-21d 时体重增加，FFL 和 PC 组在 0-42d 时饲料转化率更好（P<0.05）。FFH 组十二指肠绒毛高度高于 PC 组和 FFL 组（P<0.05），绒毛高度与隐窝深度比 VH/CD 高于 PC 组和 FFL 组。FFL 组空肠和回肠绒毛高度均高于 PC 组和 NC 组（P<0.05）。FFL 组回肠 VH/CD 比值较高（P<0.05）。FFL 和 FFH 组空肠 VH/CD 高于 PC 组（P<0.05）。FFH 组胸腺小于 NC 组（P<0.05）。FFA 日粮还增加了 IL-10 的表达（P<0.05）。同时，与 NC 组相比，IL-1 和 TLR4 mRNA 表达降低（P<0.05）。微生物分析表明，与 NC 组相比，FFH 和 PC 组处理后具有致病性的微生物，如门 Delsulfobacterota 和纲 Desulfovibriona 和 Negativicutes 也显著减少，而具有有益特性的微生物，如乳杆菌科、鸡乳杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属，在 FFH 和 FFL 发酵饲料组中也趋于增加。
这些发现表明，FFA 日粮可能通过减少门 Delsulfobacterota 和纲 Desulfovibriona 和 Negativicutes 等具有致病性的微生物，同时增加乳杆菌科、鸡乳杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属等有益微生物，来调节盲肠微生物群。FFA 日粮还影响与免疫相关的基因表达和免疫。
