Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Int J Psychol. 2022 Dec;57(6):717-726. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12864. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Following sociocultural and personality theory, the current study addresses the need to investigate the influence of the social context and related personality variables on risky decision-making. Risky decision-making was assessed in six daily-life scenarios in a sample of 357 adult participants, ages 18-75. Scenarios differed regarding competition (competitive vs. non-competitive) and presence of others (alone, with friends, or with acquaintances). Additionally, the personality variables ego-strength, agreeableness, and resistance-to-peer influence as well as demographic variables were assessed. Results showed that participants made more risky decisions in the non-competitive scenarios and in the scenarios when they were accompanied by a friend compared to when they were alone. Regression analyses revealed that men made more risky decisions than women. High resistance-to-peer influence and agreeableness whereas related to fewer risky decisions. Overall, results showed the strong influence of social and personality factors on risky decision-making which could have implications for prevention programmes. Further, these results show that a pure cognitive approach to the study of risky decision-making is too narrow. Considering cognition, social context, and personality traits together seems to be a promising approach for the study of risky daily-life decisions.
本研究依据社会文化和人格理论，探讨了社会环境和相关人格变量对风险决策的影响。研究在 357 名年龄在 18 至 75 岁的成年参与者中，通过六个日常生活场景评估了风险决策。这些场景在竞争（竞争与非竞争）和他人的存在（单独、与朋友或熟人）方面存在差异。此外，还评估了人格变量自我力量、宜人性和抗拒同伴影响，以及人口统计学变量。结果表明，与独自相比，参与者在非竞争场景和有朋友陪伴的场景中做出了更多的风险决策。回归分析显示，男性比女性做出更多的风险决策。高抗拒同伴影响和宜人性与较少的风险决策相关。总的来说，研究结果表明社会和人格因素对风险决策有强烈的影响，这可能对预防计划有影响。此外，这些结果表明，对风险决策的研究仅采用纯粹的认知方法过于狭隘。综合考虑认知、社会环境和人格特征似乎是研究风险日常生活决策的一种很有前途的方法。
