Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Department of Psychology, Yale University.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018 May;147(5):671-682. doi: 10.1037/xge0000389. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Adolescents routinely take risks that impact the well-being of the friends they are with. However, it remains unclear when and how consequences for friends factor into decisions to take risks. Here we used an economic decision-making task to test whether risky choices are guided by the positive and negative consequences they promise for peers. Across a large developmental sample of participants ages 12-25, we show that risky decision computations increasingly assimilate friends' outcomes throughout adolescence into early adulthood in an asymmetric manner that overemphasizes protecting friends from incurring loss. Whereas adults accommodated friend outcomes to a greater degree when the friend was present and witnessing these choices, adolescents did so regardless of whether a friend could witness their decisions, highlighting the fundamentality of adolescent social motivations. By demonstrating that outcomes for another individual can powerfully tune an actor's risk tolerance, these results identify a key factor underlying peer-related motivations for risky behavior, with implications for the law and risk-prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record
青少年经常冒险，这会影响他们身边朋友的幸福。然而，目前尚不清楚何时以及如何将朋友的后果纳入冒险决策中。在这里，我们使用经济决策任务来测试冒险选择是否受到其承诺给同伴带来的积极和消极后果的指导。在一个由 12 至 25 岁参与者组成的大型发展样本中，我们表明，冒险决策计算在整个青春期到成年早期，以一种不对称的方式越来越多地将朋友的结果纳入其中，过度强调保护朋友免受损失。而成年人在朋友在场并目睹这些选择时，会更大程度地考虑朋友的结果，而青少年则无论朋友是否能够目睹他们的决策，都这样做，这突出了青少年社会动机的基础性。通过证明另一个人的结果可以有力地调整行为者的风险承受能力，这些结果确定了同伴相关冒险行为动机的一个关键因素，对法律和风险预防具有重要意义。
