Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo-11884, Egypt.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022 Nov;194(11):5100-5118. doi: 10.1007/s12010-022-03975-9. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
Fusarium wilt is considered one of the most destructive diseases for tomato plants. The novelty of this work was to investigate the antifungal and plant growth-promoting capabilities of some plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF). Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) improved the plant health and control plant infections. In this study, two fungal strains as PGPF were isolated and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae using molecular method. The extracts of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae exhibited promising antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in vitro. Moreover, antagonistic effect of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae against F. oxysporum causing tomato wilt disease was evaluated in vivo. Disease severity and growth markers were recorded and in vitro antagonistic activity assay of the isolated A. fumigatus and R. oryzae against Fusarium oxysporum was measured. Physiological markers of defense in plant as response to stimulate systemic resistance (SR) were recorded. Our results indicated that A. fumigatus and R. oryzae decreased the percentage of disease severity by 12.5 and 37.5%, respectively. In addition, they exhibited relatively high protection percentage of 86.35 and 59.06% respectively. Fusarium wilt was declined the growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble carbohydrate, and total soluble protein, whereas content of free proline, total phenols, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes activity increased under infection. Moreover, application of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae on infected plants successfully recovered the loss of morphological traits, photosynthetic pigment total carbohydrates, and total soluble proteins in comparison to infected control plants. PGPF strains in both non-infected and infected plants showed several responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes.
镰刀菌枯萎病被认为是番茄植株最具破坏性的疾病之一。这项工作的新颖之处在于研究一些植物促生真菌（PGPF）的抗真菌和促进植物生长的能力。植物促生真菌（PGPF）改善了植物健康并控制了植物感染。在这项研究中，使用分子方法从两种真菌菌株中分离并鉴定为烟曲霉和米根霉作为 PGPF。烟曲霉和米根霉的提取物在体外对尖孢镰刀菌表现出有希望的抗真菌活性。此外，还评估了烟曲霉和米根霉对番茄枯萎病病原菌的体内拮抗作用。记录了疾病严重程度和生长指标，并在体外测定了分离出的烟曲霉和米根霉对尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗活性。记录了植物防御的生理标记物作为对系统抗性（SR）的刺激的反应。我们的结果表明，烟曲霉和米根霉分别将疾病严重程度的百分比降低了 12.5%和 37.5%。此外，它们分别表现出相对较高的保护百分比 86.35%和 59.06%。镰刀菌枯萎病降低了生长参数、光合色素、总可溶性碳水化合物和总可溶性蛋白质的含量，而游离脯氨酸、总酚类和抗氧化酶活性的含量增加。此外，与感染对照植物相比，在感染植物上应用烟曲霉和米根霉成功地恢复了形态特征、光合色素总碳水化合物和总可溶性蛋白质的损失。PGPF 菌株在未感染和感染的植物中均表现出过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）同工酶数量和密度的几种反应。
