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Spexin 和甘丙肽在代谢功能和社会行为中的作用及其在非哺乳动物脊椎动物中的研究进展。

Spexin and Galanin in Metabolic Functions and Social Behaviors With a Focus on Non-Mammalian Vertebrates.

机构信息

Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.

Clinical School Johor Bahru, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

出版信息

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 May 25;13:882772. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882772. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fendo.2022.882772
PMID:35692389
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9174643/
Abstract

Spexin (SPX) and galanin (GAL) are two neuropeptides that are phylogenetically related and have descended from a common ancestral gene. Considerable attention has been given to these two multifunctional neuropeptides because they share GAL receptors 1,2, and 3. Since GAL and SPX-synthesizing neurons have been detected in several brain areas, therefore, it can be speculated that SPX and GAL are involved in various neurophysiological functions. Several studies have shown the functions of these two neuropeptides in energy regulation, reproduction, and response to stress. SPX acts as a satiety factor to suppress food intake, while GAL has the opposite effect as an orexigenic factor. There is evidence that SPX acts as an inhibitor of reproductive functions by suppressing gonadotropin release, while GAL modulates the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the brain and gonadotropic cells in the pituitary. SPX and GAL are responsive to stress. Furthermore, SPX can act as an anxiolytic factor, while GAL exerts anti-depressant and pro-depressive effects depending on the receptor it binds. This review describes evidence supporting the central roles of SPX and GAL neuropeptides in energy balance, reproduction, stress, and social behaviors, with a particular focus on non-mammalian vertebrate systems.

摘要

神经肽 Spexin (SPX) 和神经肽甘丙肽 (GAL) 是两种在进化上相关的神经肽，它们源自一个共同的祖先基因。由于它们具有相同的 GAL 受体 1、2 和 3，因此这两种多功能神经肽引起了广泛关注。由于已经在多个脑区检测到了合成 GAL 和 SPX 的神经元，因此可以推测 SPX 和 GAL 参与了各种神经生理功能。多项研究表明，这两种神经肽在能量调节、生殖和应激反应中发挥作用。SPX 作为一种饱腹感因子抑制食欲，而 GAL 则作为一种食欲刺激因子发挥作用。有证据表明，SPX 通过抑制促性腺激素释放来抑制生殖功能，而 GAL 则调节脑内促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 神经元和垂体促性腺细胞的活性。SPX 和 GAL 对压力有反应。此外，SPX 可以作为一种抗焦虑因子，而 GAL 根据其结合的受体发挥抗抑郁和促抑郁作用。本综述描述了支持 SPX 和 GAL 神经肽在能量平衡、生殖、应激和社会行为中的核心作用的证据，特别关注了非哺乳动物的脊椎动物系统。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/86694b59850b/fendo-13-882772-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/2af3937f7bd3/fendo-13-882772-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/0ebffd1d8c2e/fendo-13-882772-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/e92990a0e717/fendo-13-882772-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/86694b59850b/fendo-13-882772-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/2af3937f7bd3/fendo-13-882772-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/0ebffd1d8c2e/fendo-13-882772-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/e92990a0e717/fendo-13-882772-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c8a2/9174643/86694b59850b/fendo-13-882772-g004.jpg

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Eat Weight Disord. 2022 May;27(4):1415-1425. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01280-8. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
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