van Beest M R R S, Arpino F, Hlinka O, Sauret E, van Beest N R T P, Humphries R S, Buonanno G, Morawska L, Governatori G, Motta N
School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Software Systems Group, CSIRO | DATA61, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Atmos Pollut Res. 2022 Jul;13(7):101473. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101473. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
The spread of respiratory diseases via aerosol particles in indoor settings is of significant concern. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found to spread widely in confined enclosures like hotels, hospitals, cruise ships, prisons, and churches. Particles exhaled from a person indoors can remain suspended long enough for increasing the opportunity for particles to spread spatially. Careful consideration of the ventilation system is essential to minimise the spread of particles containing infectious pathogens. Previous studies have shown that indoor airflow induced by opened windows would minimise the spread of particles. However, how outdoor airflow through an open window influences the indoor airflow has not been considered. The aim of this study is to provide a clear understanding of the indoor particle spread across multiple rooms, in a situation similar to what is found in quarantine hotels and cruise ships, using a combination of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) ventilation and an opening window. Using a previously validated mathematical model, we used 3D CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations to investigate to what extent different indoor airflow scenarios contribute to the transport of a single injection of particles ( ) in a basic 3D multi-room indoor environment. Although this study is limited to short times, we demonstrate that in certain conditions approximately 80% of the particles move from one room to the corridor and over 60% move to the nearby room within 5 to 15 s. Our results provide additional information to help identifying relevant recommendations to limit particles from spreading in enclosures.
呼吸道疾病通过室内环境中的气溶胶颗粒传播备受关注。已发现严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒在酒店、医院、游轮、监狱和教堂等密闭场所广泛传播。在室内，人呼出的颗粒可以长时间悬浮，从而增加了颗粒在空间上传播的机会。仔细考虑通风系统对于最大限度减少含有传染性病原体的颗粒传播至关重要。先前的研究表明，开窗引起的室内气流会最大限度减少颗粒传播。然而，通过开窗进入的室外气流如何影响室内气流尚未得到考虑。本研究的目的是通过结合暖通空调（HVAC，即加热、通风和空调）通风和开窗，清晰了解在类似于检疫酒店和游轮的情况下，室内颗粒在多个房间中的传播情况。我们使用先前验证的数学模型，通过三维计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟，研究在一个基本的三维多房间室内环境中，不同的室内气流场景在多大程度上有助于单次注入颗粒（ ）的传输。尽管本研究仅限于短时间，但我们证明，在某些条件下，大约80%的颗粒在5至15秒内从一个房间移动到走廊，超过60%的颗粒移动到附近房间。我们的结果提供了更多信息，有助于确定限制颗粒在密闭场所传播的相关建议。
