Conway Sineadh M, Mikati Marwa O, Al-Hasani Ream
Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
Washington University Pain Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Addict Neurosci. 2022 Jun;2. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100016. Epub 2022 Apr 3.
The endogenous opioid peptide system, comprised of enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins, and nociceptin, is a highly complex neurobiological system. Opioid peptides are derived from four precursor molecules and undergo several processing events yielding over 20 unique opioid peptides. This diversity together with low concentration and complex processing and release dynamics has challenged research into each peptide's unique function. Despite the subsequent challenges in detecting and quantifying opioid peptides , researchers have pioneered several techniques to directly or indirectly assay the roles of opioid peptides during behavioral manipulations. In this review, we describe the limitations of the traditional techniques used to study the role of endogenous opioid peptides in food and drug reward and bring focus to the wealth of new techniques to measure endogenous opioid peptides in reward processing.
内源性阿片肽系统由脑啡肽、内啡肽、强啡肽和孤啡肽组成，是一个高度复杂的神经生物学系统。阿片肽源自四种前体分子，并经历多个加工过程，产生20多种独特的阿片肽。这种多样性以及低浓度、复杂的加工和释放动态，给研究每种肽的独特功能带来了挑战。尽管在检测和定量阿片肽方面存在后续挑战，但研究人员已经开创了几种技术，以直接或间接测定阿片肽在行为操纵过程中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了用于研究内源性阿片肽在食物和药物奖赏中作用的传统技术的局限性，并重点介绍了在奖赏加工过程中测量内源性阿片肽的大量新技术。
