Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR-5203, INSERM U1091, Montpellier, France.
Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Nutr Neurosci. 2023 Aug;26(8):706-719. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2082642. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
We recently showed that perinatal exposure to diets with unbalanced n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios affects the olfactory mucosa (OM) fatty acid composition. To assess the repercussions of these modifications, we investigated the impact of diets unbalanced in n-3 PUFAs on the molecular composition and functionality of the OM in young mice.
After mating, female mice were fed diets either deficient in α-linolenic acid (LOW diet) or supplemented with n-3 long-chain PUFAs (HIGH diet) during the perinatal period. Weaned male offspring were then fed with the same experimental diets for 5 weeks. At 8 weeks of age, olfactory behavior tests were performed in young mice. The fatty acid composition of OM and olfactory cilia, as well as the expression of genes involved in different cellular pathways, were analyzed. The electroolfactograms induced by odorant stimuli were recorded to assess the impact of diets on OM functionality.
Both diets significantly modified the fatty acid profiles of OM and olfactory cilia in young mice. They also induced changes in the expression of genes involved in olfactory signaling and in olfactory neuron maturation. The electroolfactogram amplitudes were reduced in mice fed the LOW diet. Nevertheless, the LOW diet and the HIGH diet did not affect mouse olfactory behavior. Our study demonstrated that consumption of diets deficient in or supplemented with n-3 PUFAs during the perinatal and postweaning periods caused significant changes in young mouse OM. However, these modifications did not impair their olfactory capacities.
我们最近发现，围产期暴露于 n-6:n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）比例不平衡的饮食会影响嗅黏膜（OM）的脂肪酸组成。为了评估这些变化的影响，我们研究了不平衡 n-3 PUFA 的饮食对年轻小鼠 OM 的分子组成和功能的影响。
交配后，雌性小鼠在围产期分别喂食缺乏α-亚麻酸（LOW 饮食）或补充 n-3 长链 PUFA（HIGH 饮食）的饮食。然后，断奶后的雄性后代用相同的实验饮食喂养 5 周。在 8 周龄时，对年轻小鼠进行嗅觉行为测试。分析 OM 和嗅纤毛的脂肪酸组成，以及参与不同细胞途径的基因表达。记录气味刺激诱导的电嗅觉图，以评估饮食对 OM 功能的影响。
两种饮食都显著改变了年轻小鼠 OM 和嗅纤毛的脂肪酸谱。它们还诱导了与嗅觉信号转导和嗅神经元成熟相关的基因表达的变化。在喂食 LOW 饮食的小鼠中，电嗅觉图的幅度降低。然而，LOW 饮食和 HIGH 饮食并没有影响小鼠的嗅觉行为。本研究表明，围产期和断奶后摄入缺乏或补充 n-3 PUFA 的饮食会导致年轻小鼠 OM 发生显著变化。然而，这些变化并没有损害它们的嗅觉能力。
