Search Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
School of Education, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
J Adolesc. 2022 Jul;94(5):728-747. doi: 10.1002/jad.12059. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
The United States struggles with racial/ethnic disparities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) degrees and occupations. According to situated expectancy-value theory, the experience and knowledge parents gain through STEM degrees and occupations shape the STEM support they provide and relatedly their adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs.
We analyzed data from the High School Longitudinal Study (N = 14,000; 50% female; M = 14 years old at 9th grade), which is a recent U.S. data set that surveyed a nationally representative sample of adolescents.
Results showed that parent STEM support in 9th grade and adolescent STEM motivational beliefs in 11th grade were lower in families where parents did not have a STEM degree/occupation than in families where at least one parent had a STEM degree/occupation. Our within-group analyses suggested that parents' STEM support was generally positively related to adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs among families where parents did not have a STEM degree/occupation for all racial/ethnic groups except Black adolescents. However, these relations were not significant among adolescents who had a parent STEM degree/occupation. Furthermore, although Asian and White adolescents' parents were more likely to hold a STEM degree/occupation than Latina/o and Black adolescents' parents, the associations between parent STEM support and adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs emerged for Asian, Latina/o, and White adolescents.
美国在科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）学位和职业方面存在种族/民族差异。根据情境期望价值理论，父母通过 STEM 学位和职业获得的经验和知识塑造了他们提供的 STEM 支持，以及相关的青少年 STEM 动机信念。
我们分析了来自高中纵向研究（N=14000；50%为女性；9 年级时平均年龄为 14 岁）的数据，这是一个最近的美国数据集，调查了全国代表性的青少年样本。
结果表明，与至少有一位父母拥有 STEM 学位/职业的家庭相比，父母在 9 年级的 STEM 支持以及青少年在 11 年级的 STEM 动机信念在父母没有 STEM 学位/职业的家庭中较低。我们的组内分析表明，在父母没有 STEM 学位/职业的家庭中，父母的 STEM 支持通常与青少年的 STEM 动机信念呈正相关，除了黑人青少年。然而，在父母拥有 STEM 学位/职业的青少年中，这些关系并不显著。此外，尽管亚裔和白人青少年的父母比拉丁裔和黑人青少年的父母更有可能拥有 STEM 学位/职业，但父母的 STEM 支持与青少年的 STEM 动机信念之间的关联在亚裔、拉丁裔和白人青少年中出现。
