Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
J Hum Lact. 2022 Aug;38(3):407-421. doi: 10.1177/08903344221101874. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
Physical distancing associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal maternal mental health, social support after birth, and infant feeding practices.
To compare breastfeeding prevalence in participants who were pregnant at a time when strict physical distancing measures were imposed in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará state, Brazil, with the pre-pandemic breastfeeding levels, and to assess the association of breastfeeding prevalence with maternal common mental disorders, and sociodemographic and health predictors.
A cross-sectional prospective two-group comparison design using two population-based surveys was carried out in Fortaleza before and after the pandemic. Participants ( = 351) who had a live birth in Fortaleza in July or August 2020, and participants ( = 222) who had a child younger than 12 months in 2017 were surveyed. Crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regressions with robust variance were used to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Similar prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding were observed in 2021 (8.1%) and 2017 (8.5%; .790). An increase in predominant (2.2% vs. 13.4%; .001) and a decrease in complementary breastfeeding (64.0% vs. 48.4%; .037) was observed in 2021, compared to 2017. The prevalence of maternal common mental disorders also increased in 2021 (17.6% vs. 32.5%, .001). No statistically significant associations were found between breastfeeding patterns, maternal common mental disorders, and other predictors in 2017 or 2021.
Participants who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic delayed solid foods introduction and breastfed predominantly longer than participants during the pre-pandemic period. While common mental disorders significantly increased, they were not associated with differences in breastfeeding.
与 COVID-19 大流行相关的身体距离可能导致产妇心理健康、产后社会支持和婴儿喂养方式不佳。
比较在巴西塞阿拉州首府福塔莱萨实施严格身体距离措施时怀孕的参与者与大流行前母乳喂养水平的母乳喂养率，并评估母乳喂养率与产妇常见精神障碍以及社会人口统计学和健康预测因素的相关性。
在大流行前后，使用两项基于人群的调查进行了一项前瞻性、两群组的横断面比较设计。在 2020 年 7 月或 8 月福塔莱萨有活产的参与者（n=351）和 2017 年有 12 个月以下儿童的参与者（n=222）接受了调查。使用稳健方差的粗和调整后的多项逻辑回归来估计风险比和 95%置信区间（CI）。
2021 年（8.1%）和 2017 年（8.5%）观察到纯母乳喂养的相似流行率（.790）。与 2017 年相比，2021 年主要母乳喂养（2.2% vs. 13.4%；.001）增加，补充母乳喂养（64.0% vs. 48.4%；.037）减少。2021 年产妇常见精神障碍的流行率也有所增加（17.6% vs. 32.5%；.001）。在 2017 年或 2021 年，母乳喂养模式、产妇常见精神障碍和其他预测因素之间未发现统计学显著关联。
在 COVID-19 大流行期间分娩的参与者比大流行前期间延迟引入固体食物，并更长期地主要母乳喂养。虽然常见精神障碍显著增加，但它们与母乳喂养的差异无关。
