Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Beining Road, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang St., Nangang Dist., Taipei City 11561, Taiwan.
J Food Drug Anal. 2021 Sep 15;29(3):419-432. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3366.
The compliance assessment on the labeling of food additives is a hard job, because there are nearly thousand legal food additives can be used in food, and countless illegal additives must also deal with. This study developed a non-targeted data acquisition screening method based on liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in which a precursor ion and two product ions of each analyte are able to be recorded. The high throughput screening method worked as foodomics that characterized and identified every food components as long as they were ionized in terms of theory. The data acquisition method called data independent acquisition (DIA) was achieved by a full scan form m/z 70-1050, and then followed wide window fragmentations of product ions recording. A full scan and the followed fragmentations generated 21 spectra in 2.6 s contributed about 6 data points for a typical 0.2-0.3 min width peak in HPLC. A detection database list of 120 additives included 79 colorants, 13 sweeteners, 12 preservatives and 7 antioxidants was established. Thirty-three commercial samples including beverages, candies, and sauces were surveyed for testing additives. Sweeteners (rebaudioside A) and flavoring agents (malic acid and fumaric acid) were found the most under declared additives. HPLC column often do not provide adequate retention for highly polar compounds such as organic acids (flavoring agents). In this study they were coeluted, but were able to be separated and determined by HRMS worked as the secondary separation tool. The surveillance results showed there is still room for food manufacturers to improve the connection between their product information and consumers.
食品添加剂标签合规性评估是一项艰巨的任务，因为有近千种合法的食品添加剂可用于食品中，而且还必须应对无数非法添加剂。本研究开发了一种基于液相色谱高分辨质谱（HRMS）的非靶向数据采集筛选方法，其中每个分析物都可以记录前体离子和两个产物离子。高通量筛选方法作为食品组学，只要它们在理论上被离子化，就可以对每一种食品成分进行特征描述和鉴定。该数据采集方法称为数据非依赖性采集（DIA），通过 m/z 70-1050 的全扫描形式实现，然后进行宽窗口产物离子记录的碎片化。全扫描和随后的碎片化在 2.6 秒内生成 21 个光谱，每个光谱贡献约 6 个数据点，用于典型的 0.2-0.3 分钟宽 HPLC 峰。建立了一个包含 79 种着色剂、13 种甜味剂、12 种防腐剂和 7 种抗氧化剂的 120 种添加剂检测数据库列表。对包括饮料、糖果和酱汁在内的 33 个商业样品进行了添加剂检测。发现甜味剂（莱鲍迪甙 A）和调味剂（苹果酸和富马酸）是申报添加剂中最常见的未申报添加剂。高效液相色谱柱通常不能为高度极性化合物（如有机酸（调味剂））提供足够的保留。在本研究中，它们共洗脱，但通过 HRMS 作为二级分离工具可以分离和测定。监测结果表明，食品制造商仍有改进其产品信息与消费者之间联系的空间。
