Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260.
Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Jun 21;119(25):e2122866119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2122866119. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
Magneto-ionics, real-time ionic control of magnetism in solid-state materials, promise ultralow-power memory, computing, and ultralow-field sensor technologies. The real-time ion intercalation is also the key state-of-charge feature in rechargeable batteries. Here, we report that the reversible lithiation/delithiation in molecular magneto-ionic material, the cathode in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, accurately monitors its real-time state of charge through a dynamic tunability of magnetic ordering. The electrochemical and magnetic studies confirm that the structural vacancy and hydrogen-bonding networks enable reversible lithiation and delithiation in the magnetic cathode. Coupling with microwave-excited spin wave at a low frequency (0.35 GHz) and a magnetic field of 100 Oe, we reveal a fast and reliable built-in magneto-ionic sensor monitoring state of charge in rechargeable batteries. The findings shown herein promise an integration of molecular magneto-ionic cathode and rechargeable batteries for real-time monitoring of state of charge.
磁离子学，即固态材料中磁场的实时离子控制，有望实现超低功耗的存储、计算和超低场传感器技术。实时离子嵌入也是可充电电池中关键的荷电状态特征。在此，我们报告了分子磁离子材料（可充电锂离子电池的正极）中的可逆锂化/脱锂过程，通过磁有序的动态可调性，准确监测其实时荷电状态。电化学和磁性研究证实，结构空位和氢键网络使磁性正极能够实现可逆的锂化和脱锂。通过与低频（0.35 GHz）和磁场为 100 Oe 的微波激发自旋波耦合，我们揭示了一种快速可靠的内置磁离子传感器，可用于监测可充电电池的荷电状态。本研究结果有望实现分子磁离子正极和可充电电池的集成，用于实时监测荷电状态。
