Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
Plant Sci. 2022 Sep;322:111346. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111346. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Polyamines (PAs) are key signaling molecules involved in plant growth and stress acclimation processes. This work investigated the effect of spermidine, spermine, and putrescine (alone and in a mixture) in tomato plants using a combined metabolomics and lipidomics approach. The experiments were carried out under non-stress and 100 mM NaCl salinity conditions. Shoot and root biomass, as well as SPAD values, were increased by the application of exogenous PAs but with differences across treatments. Similarly, root length density (F: 34, p < 0.001), average root diameter (F: 14, p < 0.001), and very fine roots (0.0-0.5 mm) increased in PA-treated plants, compared to control. Metabolomics and lipidomics indicated that, despite being salinity the hierarchically prevalent factor, the different PA treatments imposed distinct remodeling at the molecular level. Plants treated with putrescine showed the broader modulation of metabolite profile, whereas spermidine and spermine induced a comparatively milder effect. The pathway analysis from differential metabolites indicated a broad and multi-level intricate modulation of several signaling molecules together with stress-related compounds like flavonoids and alkaloids. Concerning signaling processes, the complex crosstalk between phytohormones (mainly abscisic acid, cytokinins, the ethylene precursor, and jasmonates), and the membrane lipids signaling cascade (in particular, sphingolipids as well as ceramides and other glycerophospholipids), was involved in such complex response of tomato to PAs. Interestingly, PA-specific processes could be observed, with peculiar responses under either control or salinity conditions.
多胺（PAs）是参与植物生长和应激适应过程的关键信号分子。本研究采用代谢组学和脂质组学相结合的方法，研究了单独和混合使用亚精胺、精胺和腐胺（PA）对番茄植株的影响。实验在非胁迫和 100mM NaCl 盐胁迫条件下进行。施用外源 PA 可增加地上部和根系生物量以及 SPAD 值，但不同处理之间存在差异。同样，与对照相比，PA 处理的植株根长密度（F：34，p<0.001）、平均根直径（F：14，p<0.001）和极细根（0.0-0.5mm）增加。代谢组学和脂质组学表明，尽管盐胁迫是主要的优势因素，但不同的 PA 处理在分子水平上造成了明显的重塑。用腐胺处理的植物表现出更广泛的代谢物谱调节，而亚精胺和精胺诱导的效应相对较弱。差异代谢物的途径分析表明，几种信号分子以及与应激相关的化合物（如类黄酮和生物碱）的复杂调控。就信号转导过程而言，植物激素（主要是脱落酸、细胞分裂素、乙烯前体和茉莉酸）之间的复杂相互作用以及膜脂信号级联（特别是鞘脂以及神经酰胺和其他甘油磷脂）涉及到番茄对 PA 的复杂反应。有趣的是，可以观察到 PA 特异性过程，在对照或盐胁迫条件下具有独特的反应。
