Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 13;12(6):e051952. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051952.
Public knowledge of early onset symptoms and risk factors (RF) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very important for prevention, recurrence and guide medical seeking behaviours. This study aimed to identify clusters of knowledge on symptoms and RFs of AMI, compare characteristics and the awareness of the need for prompt treatment.
Multistage stratified sampling was used in this cross-sectional study. Latent GOLD Statistical Package was used to identify and classify the respondent subtypes of the knowledge on AMI symptoms or modifiable RFs. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors that predicted high knowledge membership.
A structured questionnaire was used to interview 4200 community residents aged over 35 in China. 4122 valid questionnaires were recovered.
For AMI symptoms and RFs, the knowledge levels were classified into two or three distinct clusters, respectively. 62.7% (Symptom High Knowledge Cluster) and 39.5% (RF High Knowledge Cluster) of the respondents were able to identify most of the symptoms and modifiable RFs. Respondents who were highly educated, had higher monthly household income, were insured, had regular physical examinations, had a disease history of AMI RFs, had AMI history in immediate family member or acquaintance or had received public education on AMI were observed to have higher probability of knowledge on symptoms and RFs. There was significant difference in awareness of the prompt treatment in case of AMI occurs among different clusters. 'Calling an ambulance' was the most popular option in response of seeing others presenting symptoms of AMI.
A moderate or relatively low knowledge on AMI symptoms and modifiable RFs was observed in our study. Identification of Knowledge Clusters could be a way to detect specific targeted groups with low knowledge of AMI, which may facilitate health education, further reduce the prehospital delay in China and improve patient outcomes.
公众对急性心肌梗死（AMI）早期症状和危险因素（RF）的了解对预防、复发和指导医疗行为非常重要。本研究旨在确定 AMI 症状和 RF 知识的聚类，比较特征和对及时治疗需求的认识。
本横断面研究采用多阶段分层抽样。使用潜在 GOLD 统计软件包来识别和分类 AMI 症状或可改变 RF 知识的受访者亚型。采用多变量逻辑回归来确定预测高知识成员的因素。
在中国，使用结构化问卷对 4200 名年龄在 35 岁以上的社区居民进行了访谈。共回收有效问卷 4122 份。
对于 AMI 症状和 RF，知识水平分别分为两个或三个不同的聚类。62.7%（症状高知识聚类）和 39.5%（RF 高知识聚类）的受访者能够识别出大部分症状和可改变的 RF。受教育程度较高、月收入较高、有保险、定期体检、有 AMI RF 病史、直系亲属或熟人有 AMI 病史或接受过 AMI 公众教育的受访者，对症状和 RF 的认识更高。不同聚类之间对 AMI 发生时及时治疗的认识存在显著差异。在看到他人出现 AMI 症状时，“叫救护车”是最受欢迎的选择。
在我们的研究中，观察到 AMI 症状和可改变的 RF 知识中等或相对较低。识别知识聚类可以作为一种发现特定目标群体中 AMI 知识水平较低的方法，这可能有助于健康教育，进一步减少中国的院前延误，并改善患者预后。
