Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Elmhurst Ballet School, Birmingham, United Kingdom;, Email:
Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.
J Dance Med Sci. 2022 Sep 15;26(3):155-164. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.091522b. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Pre-professional ballet training involves long training hours from an early age that could influence young dancers' physical performance and injury incidence. This cross-sectional analysis investigated the relationship of year group and sex with countermovement jump and injury incidence (primary outcome) in adolescent ballet dancers at a pre-professional dance school.
Method: Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was recorded at the start of the academic year for 179 participants (M = 68, F = 111) spread across eight year-groups. Injury etiology and incidence was prospectively recorded over a 6-month period (September through February) by the medical team using a time-loss definition.
Results: Between-subject statistically significant differences were reported for sex [F(1, 153) = 101.46; p < 0.001], year group [F(7, 153) = 12.57; p < 0.001], and sex*year group [F(7, 153) = 9.22; p < 0.001]. Mean CMJ across the year groups ranged between 24.7 to 41.3 cm for males and 23.5 to 25.1 cm for females. Injury incidence per dancer was 0.84 (CI: 0.13, 1.56) and injury incidence per 1,000 hours of dance was 1.94 (CI: 1.63, 2.25). No statistically significant differences between sexes or year groups were reported for injury incidence per 1,000 dance hours and time-loss. Hours dancing was statistically significantly positively associated with CMJ (r = .481, p < 0.05) and negatively associated with injury incidence (r = -.253, p < 0.05) for males; for females it was positively associated with time-loss (r = .254, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Even though CMJ was cross-sectionally monitored, the expected increased physical abilities in males as they grew older and progressed through their training was observed. Females did not indicate a similar increase in their physical ability, but they seemed to become more susceptible to injuries as they grow older. The lack of this speculative physiological development for the females may be associated with the ballet-only approach in their training. The use of CMJ as an injury screening tool may be limited, however, it could still be used as a tool to monitor physiological and fundamental motor skill development of adolescent dancers, as jumping is an integral part of ballet.
专业前芭蕾舞训练从幼年开始就需要长时间的训练，这可能会影响年轻舞者的身体表现和受伤发生率。本横断面分析调查了年龄组和性别与青少年专业芭蕾舞学校中反跳（主要结果）的关系。
方法：在学术年开始时，179 名参与者（M=68，F=111）记录了反跳（CMJ）的高度，跨越了 8 个年龄组。医疗团队使用时间损失定义，前瞻性地记录了 6 个月（9 月至 2 月）的损伤病因和发生率。
结果：报告了性别之间存在统计学显著差异[F（1，153）=101.46；p<0.001]，年龄组之间存在统计学显著差异[F（7，153）=12.57；p<0.001]，性别*年龄组之间存在统计学显著差异[F（7，153）=9.22；p<0.001]。男性 CMJ 平均在 24.7 到 41.3 厘米之间，女性 CMJ 平均在 23.5 到 25.1 厘米之间。每位舞者的受伤发生率为 0.84（CI：0.13，1.56），每 1000 小时舞蹈受伤发生率为 1.94（CI：1.63，2.25）。性别或年龄组之间的每 1000 小时舞蹈受伤发生率和时间损失均无统计学显著差异。男性的舞蹈时间与 CMJ 呈统计学显著正相关（r=.481，p<0.05），与受伤发生率呈统计学显著负相关（r=-.253，p<0.05）；对于女性，舞蹈时间与时间损失呈统计学显著正相关（r=.254，p<0.05）。
结论：即使 CMJ 是在横断面监测的，但随着年龄的增长和训练的进展，男性的身体能力预计会有所提高。女性的身体能力似乎没有类似的提高，但随着年龄的增长，她们似乎更容易受伤。女性缺乏这种推测的生理发展可能与她们训练中只采用芭蕾舞的方法有关。CMJ 作为一种损伤筛查工具的使用可能受到限制，但它仍然可以用作监测青少年舞者生理和基本运动技能发展的工具，因为跳跃是芭蕾舞的重要组成部分。
