Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden; Umeå School of Sport Science, Umeå University, Sweden.
Department of Engineering Psychology, Luleå Technical University, Sweden.
J Sci Med Sport. 2022 Sep;25(9):764-769. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.05.008. Epub 2022 May 20.
The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in cognitive and physical performance, affective states, perceived exertion, and physiological responses between trials with cognitive, physical, or combined cognitive and physical load.
Randomised cross-over trial.
Highly trained competitive orienteers (n = 15 men; n = 10 women) completed three randomised trials comprised of: (1) sport-specific cognitive tests; (2) 35-minute cycling time trial; and (3) combined sport-specific cognitive tests and 35-minute cycling time trial. Measures taken during the trials recorded affective states, perceived exertion, heart rate, blood lactate, cycling watts, as well as working memory, updating, planning and decision making.
No significant differences in cognitive performance accuracy were observed within or across trials although reaction times improved within trials and were fastest in the combined trial. Blood lactate, heart rate, perceived exertion, negative affective states, and watts were highest in the physical trial.
The combined load of undertaking sport-specific cognitive tests and a cycling time trial did not influence cognitive performance accuracy. Athletes produced greater watts when completing the physical task independently compared with the combined trial, however psychophysiological responses were worse. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether athletes' attentional focus underpins psychophysiological responses to dual-task sport performance.
本研究旨在探讨认知和身体表现、情感状态、感知用力、生理反应在认知、身体或认知与身体联合负荷试验之间的差异。
随机交叉试验。
经过高度训练的竞技定向运动员（男性 n=15；女性 n=10）完成了三个随机试验，包括：（1）特定于运动的认知测试；（2）35 分钟的自行车计时赛；（3）特定于运动的认知测试和 35 分钟的自行车计时赛的组合。试验过程中记录了情感状态、感知用力、心率、血乳酸、自行车功率，以及工作记忆、更新、计划和决策。
虽然反应时间在试验内和试验间有所提高，并且在联合试验中最快，但认知表现准确性在试验内或试验间均无显著差异。血乳酸、心率、感知用力、负面情感状态和功率在身体试验中最高。
进行特定于运动的认知测试和自行车计时赛的联合负荷并没有影响认知表现的准确性。运动员在独立完成身体任务时产生的功率比联合试验时更高，但心理生理反应更差。需要进一步调查，以确定运动员的注意力集中是否支撑着双重任务运动表现的心理生理反应。
