Dipartimento Di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Dipartimento Di Sanità Pubblica E Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Parasit Vectors. 2022 Jun 13;15(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05331-6.
Some species of drosophilid flies belonging to the genus Phortica feed on ocular secretions of mammals, acting as biological vectors of the zoonotic eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda. This study describes an effective breeding protocol of Phortica variegata and Phortica oldenbergi in insectary conditions.
Alive gravid flies of P. oldenbergi, P. variegata and Phortica semivirgo were field collected in wooded areas of Lazio region (Italy) and allowed to oviposit singularly to obtain isofamilies. Flies were maintained in ovipots (200 ml) with a plaster-covered bottom to maintain high humidity level inside. Adult feeding was guaranteed by fresh apples and a liquid dietary supplement containing sodium chloride and mucin proteins, while larval development was obtained by Drosophila-like agar feeding medium. The breeding performances of two media were compared: a standard one based on cornmeal flour and an enriched medium based on chestnut flour. All conditions were kept in a climatic chamber with a photoperiod of 14:10 h light:dark, 26 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 10% RH.
From a total of 130 field-collected Phortica spp., three generations (i.e. F1 = 783, F2 = 109, F3 = 6) were obtained. Phortica oldenbergi was the species with highest breeding performance, being the only species reaching F3. Chestnut-based feeding medium allowed higher adult production and survival probability in both P. oldenbergi and P. variegata. Adult production/female was promising in both species (P. oldenbergi: 13.5 F1/f; P. variegata: 4.5 F1/f).
This standardized breeding protocol, based on controlled climatic parameters and fly densities, together with the introduction of an enriched chestnut-based feeding medium, allowed to investigate aspects of life history traits of Phortica spp. involved in the transmission of T. callipaeda. Obtaining F3 generation of these species for the first time paved the road for the establishment of stable colonies, an essential requirement for future studies on these vectors in controlled conditions.
某些果蝇属的果蝇物种以哺乳动物的眼部分泌物为食，充当眼线虫 Thelazia callipaeda 的生物载体。本研究描述了在昆虫饲养条件下有效繁殖 Phortica variegata 和 Phortica oldenbergi 的方法。
在拉齐奥地区（意大利）的林地中，野外收集活体产卵的 P. oldenbergi、P. variegata 和 Phortica semivirgo 雌蝇，使其单独产卵以获得同系物。蝇被饲养在带有石膏覆盖底部的产卵盆（200 毫升）中，以保持内部高湿度。成虫的饲料由新鲜苹果和含有氯化钠和粘蛋白的液体膳食补充剂提供，而幼虫的发育则通过类似果蝇的琼脂饲养培养基获得。比较了两种培养基的繁殖性能：一种基于玉米面的标准培养基和一种基于板栗粉的丰富培养基。所有条件均在光照时间为 14:10 小时光照：黑暗，26±2°C 和 80±10% RH 的气候室内保持。
从总共收集的 130 只 Phortica spp. 中，获得了三代（即 F1=783、F2=109、F3=6）。Phortica oldenbergi 的繁殖性能最高，是唯一达到 F3 的物种。基于板栗的饲养培养基允许在 P. oldenbergi 和 P. variegata 中产生更高的成虫数量和更高的存活率。两种物种的成虫产量/雌蝇都很有前景（P. oldenbergi：13.5 F1/f；P. variegata：4.5 F1/f）。
本研究基于受控气候参数和蝇密度的标准化繁殖方案，加上引入富含板栗的饲养培养基，使我们能够研究 Phortica spp. 生活史特征在 T. callipaeda 传播中的作用。首次获得这些物种的 F3 代为建立稳定的群体铺平了道路，这是在受控条件下对这些载体进行未来研究的必要条件。
