Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769 008, Odisha, India.
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769 008, Odisha, India.
Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Sep 1;291:119536. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119536. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
Bacterial biofilm formation is dependent mainly on the decision-making process of the two key factors of the gene regulatory network, namely the Quorum Sensing (QS) system and bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). c-di-GMP is a secondary messenger molecule that enhances extracellular polysaccharides production by activating pelD and alg44. Genes involved in the metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides are clustered within the genome of the producing bacteria. The extracellular polysaccharide gene cluster encodes specific regulatory enzymes and transporter proteins involved in the different steps of the biosynthesis route. The diversity of extracellular polysaccharides produced by the bacteria is synthesized via different biosynthesis pathways. Understanding the genetic regulation and biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides is crucial for tailor-made polymers via genetic, metabolic, and protein engineering approaches. This review illustrates structure, structure-function relationship, genetics, regulation, biosynthetic pathways, and various applications of extracellular polysaccharides.
细菌生物膜的形成主要依赖于基因调控网络的两个关键因素的决策过程，即群体感应（QS）系统和双（3′-5′）-环二鸟苷酸（c-di-GMP）。c-di-GMP 是一种第二信使分子，通过激活 pelD 和 alg44 来增强细胞外多糖的产生。参与细胞外多糖生物合成代谢途径的基因在产生细菌的基因组内聚集。细胞外多糖基因簇编码参与生物合成途径不同步骤的特定调节酶和转运蛋白。细菌产生的细胞外多糖的多样性是通过不同的生物合成途径合成的。通过遗传、代谢和蛋白质工程方法定制聚合物，了解细胞外多糖的遗传调控和生物合成至关重要。本文综述了细胞外多糖的结构、结构-功能关系、遗传学、调控、生物合成途径及其各种应用。
