Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2023 Sep;49(9):1315-1328. doi: 10.1177/01461672221099378. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
Across six studies, we tested how people with physical disabilities were ascribed mental faculties. People with physical disabilities were seen as more capable of mental agency (e.g., thinking), but not more capable of experience (e.g., pain), compared to nondisabled people (Study 1). People with physical disabilities were also seen as more capable of supernatural mental agency (e.g., seeing the future, reading minds; Study 2). Believing that people with physical disabilities were more mentally agentic than nondisabled people was unrelated to Beliefs in a Just World (Study 3) but was related to beliefs about hardship (Study 4). Narratives of overcoming adversity, common in portrayals of the disabled community, increased the perceived mental sophistication of people with physical disabilities (Study 5). Finally, hardship narratives also affected helping behavior toward people with physical disabilities (Study 6). Thus, hardship stories surrounding individuals with disabilities may contribute to beliefs that they have particularly sophisticated minds.
在六项研究中，我们测试了人们如何赋予身体残疾者心理能力。与非残疾者相比，身体残疾者被认为更有能力进行心理活动（例如思考），但并非更有能力体验（例如疼痛）（研究 1）。身体残疾者也被认为更有能力进行超自然的心理活动（例如预见未来、读懂心思；研究 2）。人们认为身体残疾者比非残疾者更有心理能动性，这与公正世界信念无关（研究 3），但与关于困难的信念有关（研究 4）。在描述残疾人群体时，常见的克服逆境的叙述增加了人们对身体残疾者心理复杂性的感知（研究 5）。最后，困难叙述也影响了对身体残疾者的帮助行为（研究 6）。因此，围绕残疾个体的困难故事可能导致人们认为他们具有特别复杂的思维。
