Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University,, Beijing, China.
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(31):10974-10994. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086210. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
The rapid development of aptamers has helped address the challenges presented by the wide existed pesticides contaminations. Screening of aptamers with excellent performance is a prerequisite for successfully constructing biosensors, while further tailoring of aptamers with enhanced activity greatly improved the assay performance. Firstly, this paper reviewed the advanced screening strategies for pesticides aptamers, including immobilization screening that preserves the native structures of targets, non-immobilized screening based on nanomaterials, capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX), virtual screening , high-throughput selection, and rational secondary library generation methods, which contributed significantly to improve the success rate of screening, reduce the screening time, and ensure aptamer binding affinity. Secondly, the precise tailoring strategies for pesticides aptamers were modularly elaborated, containing deletion, splitting, elongation, and fusion, which provided various advantages like cost-efficiency, enhanced binding affinity, and new derived functional motifs. Thirdly, the developed aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) for pesticide detection were systematically reviewed according to the different signal output modes. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of pesticide detection are discussed comprehensively.
适配体的快速发展有助于解决广泛存在的农药污染带来的挑战。筛选具有优异性能的适配体是成功构建生物传感器的前提，而进一步对具有增强活性的适配体进行修饰，则极大地提高了分析性能。本文首先综述了农药适配体的先进筛选策略，包括保留靶标天然结构的固定化筛选、基于纳米材料的非固定化筛选、指数富集配体系统进化技术（CE-SELEX）、虚拟筛选、高通量筛选和合理的二级文库生成方法，这些方法显著提高了筛选成功率、缩短了筛选时间，并确保了适配体的结合亲和力。其次，详细阐述了农药适配体的精确修饰策略，包括缺失、分裂、延伸和融合，这些策略提供了各种优势，如成本效益、增强的结合亲和力和新的衍生功能基序。然后，根据不同的信号输出模式，系统地综述了基于适配体的生物传感器（适配体传感器）在农药检测中的应用。最后，全面讨论了农药检测的挑战和未来展望。
