School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(52):78795-78808. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21121-0. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
Ensuring adequate implementation of solar energy for providing environment-friendly energy to the household sector, which can considerably abate pollutants in the environment and make power industry structure sustainable, is necessary for developing countries. Comparison in terms of environmental and cost impacts of renewable energy (hybrid solar system) with non-renewable energy sources, water and planning development authority (WAPDA), and diesel generators (DGs) has been examined in the household sector of Pakistan. Primary data of hybrid solar systems have been obtained from 10 different households segregated them into two categories according to their income as medium-income households (MIHs) and lower income households (LIHs) containing 5 kW and 3 kW of hybrid solar energy systems, respectively. While operating with a hybrid solar energy system instead of a non-renewable energy system, in terms of average generated power and average running load, carbon dioxide (CO) emissions can be reduced up to 8,446.6 kg CO and 6,131.725 kg CO, respectively, in the next 25 years. Comparison of costs indicated that renewable energy has a comparatively low cost per electric unit. It can pay back its total installation cost in just 8 years and can save a sum of $4,936.4375, along with many more ecological, economic, and societal benefits. Pakistan can efficiently utilize solar energy to relegate CO emissions and general costs as it has distinct geographical features to access sunlight in most days of the year.
为家庭部门提供环境友好型能源，确保太阳能的充分利用，以显著减少环境中的污染物，使电力工业结构可持续发展，这对发展中国家来说是必要的。本研究在巴基斯坦家庭部门对可再生能源（混合太阳能系统）与不可再生能源、水和规划发展局（WAPDA）以及柴油发电机（DG）的环境和成本影响进行了比较。混合太阳能系统的主要数据是从 10 个不同的家庭中获得的，根据他们的收入将其分为中等收入家庭（MIHs）和低收入家庭（LIHs）两类，分别包含 5kW 和 3kW 的混合太阳能系统。与使用不可再生能源系统相比，在混合太阳能系统的运行中，平均发电量和平均运行负荷分别可减少 8446.6kg CO 和 6131.725kg CO 的二氧化碳（CO）排放，在未来 25 年内。成本比较表明，可再生能源的单位电价相对较低。它可以在短短 8 年内收回全部安装成本，并节省 4936.4375 美元，同时还带来了许多生态、经济和社会效益。巴基斯坦可以有效地利用太阳能来减少 CO 排放和一般成本，因为它具有独特的地理特征，可以在一年中的大部分时间里获得阳光。
