Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Sep;259:109393. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109393. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a cationic surfactant that has been widely used as an antibacterial ingredient in pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its high residue in surface waters, there is increasing concern over the potential risk of CPC to aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge of its impacts on fish is still limited. Therefore, this study exposed juvenile and adult zebrafish to CPC (0, 10, and 40 μg/L) for four days. Subsequently, changes in their behavioral traits and brain levels of several neurotransmitters were investigated. The behavioral assay showed that CPC exposure significantly decreased the locomotor activity and social interaction of zebrafish at both life stages, and juveniles were more sensitive to CPC exposure than adults. In the control groups, the brain neurotransmitters concentrations increased with age in zebrafish. However, CPC exposure tended to increase the brain neurotransmitter levels of juveniles but decreased their levels in adults. Correlation analysis revealed that the brain monoamine neurotransmitters and their turnover might play important roles in the life stage-dependent behavioral response to CPC. In particular, the DOPAC/DA ratio was significantly associated with CPC-induced hypoactivity and reduced social interactions in juveniles but not adults. Our findings demonstrated that CPC exposure could cause abnormal behavior in juvenile and adult zebrafish and disturb their brain neurotransmitters, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, and thus highlighted the necessity for further assessing its potential risks to aquatic ecosystems.
氯化十六烷基吡啶（CPC）是一种阳离子表面活性剂，已广泛用作药物和个人护理产品中的抗菌成分。由于其在地表水中的残留量很高，人们越来越关注 CPC 对水生生态系统的潜在风险。然而，人们对其对鱼类的影响知之甚少。因此，本研究将幼年和成年斑马鱼暴露于 CPC（0、10 和 40μg/L）中四天。随后，研究了它们的行为特征和大脑中几种神经递质的变化。行为测定表明，CPC 暴露显著降低了两个生命阶段斑马鱼的运动活性和社交互动，幼年斑马鱼对 CPC 暴露比成年斑马鱼更敏感。在对照组中，斑马鱼大脑神经递质浓度随年龄增长而增加。然而，CPC 暴露往往会增加幼年斑马鱼的大脑神经递质水平，而降低成年斑马鱼的水平。相关性分析表明，大脑单胺神经递质及其周转率可能在对 CPC 的生命阶段依赖性行为反应中发挥重要作用。特别是，DOPAC/DA 比值与 CPC 诱导的幼年斑马鱼活动减少和社交互动减少显著相关，但与成年斑马鱼无关。我们的研究结果表明，CPC 暴露会导致幼年和成年斑马鱼出现异常行为，并扰乱其大脑神经递质，即使在环境相关浓度下也是如此，因此强调有必要进一步评估其对水生生态系统的潜在风险。
