Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 1;828:154099. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154099. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Anthropogenic activities discharge zinc into aquatic ecosystems, and the effects of long-term and low-concentration zinc exposure on fish behavior are unclear. We evaluated the behavior and physiology of male zebrafish (Danio rerio) after a 6-week exposure to 1.0 or 1.5 ppm (mg/L) zinc chloride. The exposure caused anxiety-like behaviors and altered the social preferences in both exposure groups. Analysis of transcriptional changes suggested that in the brain, zinc exerted heterogenetic effects on immune and neurotransmitter functions. Exposure to 1.0 ppm zinc chloride resulted in constitutive immune dyshomeostasis, while exposure to 1.5 ppm zinc chloride impaired the neurotransmitter glutamate. In the intestine, zinc dysregulated self-renewal of intestinal cells, a potential loss of defense function. Moreover, exposure to 1.5 ppm zinc chloride suppressed intestinal immune functions and dysregulated tyrosine metabolism. These behavioral alterations suggested that the underlying mechanisms were distinct and concentration-specific. Overall, environmental levels of zinc can alter male zebrafish behaviors by dysregulating neurotransmitter and immunomodulation signatures.
人为活动将锌排放到水生生态系统中，而长期低浓度锌暴露对鱼类行为的影响尚不清楚。我们评估了雄性斑马鱼（Danio rerio）在暴露于 1.0 或 1.5 ppm（mg/L）氯化锌 6 周后的行为和生理变化。暴露导致焦虑样行为，并改变了两个暴露组的社交偏好。转录变化分析表明，在大脑中，锌对免疫和神经递质功能表现出异质效应。暴露于 1.0 ppm 氯化锌导致固有免疫失调，而暴露于 1.5 ppm 氯化锌则损害神经递质谷氨酸。在肠道中，锌扰乱了肠道细胞的自我更新，可能失去了防御功能。此外，暴露于 1.5 ppm 氯化锌会抑制肠道免疫功能并扰乱酪氨酸代谢。这些行为改变表明，潜在机制是不同的且具有浓度特异性。总的来说，环境水平的锌可以通过扰乱神经递质和免疫调节特征来改变雄性斑马鱼的行为。
