Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Professor, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2022 Jun;70(6):11-12. doi: 10.5005/japi-11001-0013.
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the public healthcare system worldwide like none before, producing far-reaching global economic, humanitarian, and social crises. It is estimated to have affected more than 1.8 million people worldwide. India has faced two phases of the pandemic, being the country with 2nd most number of deaths with varying mortality patterns across the two waves. In this study, we compare the patterns of mortality between the two phases of pandemics in association with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths.
A retrospective observational study at a tertiary care center in Central India was carried out. Demographic patterns of mortality have been studied in each of the groups, and a comparative analysis was done between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 mortality patterns in each phase of the study, that is, from 20th March 2020 to 19th September 2020 and from 20th September 2020 to May 2021, as well as between the two phases.
The case fatality rate of COVID-19 positive patients in the second phase of the study was 22.04%, whereas the those of non-COVID-19 patients in the second phase were found to be 15.95%. A maximum number of COVID-19 positive deaths during the first wave of the pandemic occurred in September 2020 and during the second wave in April 2021. In the first phase of the study, 69.6% of patients who died were males, and 30.3% were females, whereas in the second phase among COVID-19 positive subjects, 65% deaths were among males, and 35% deaths were among females. COVID-19 positive mortality in the second phase showed, 26.53% to be hypertensive, while 13.8% were diabetic.
It was found that most of the deaths in both phases of COVID-19 amongst COVID-19 positive patients and non-COVID patients were amongst the elderly population (>60 years) with male predominance. Most deaths in both populations occurred during the first 3 days of admission whereas it was relatively less in the second phase. Noncommunicable diseases like systemic hypertension, and DM had a significant influence on all-cause mortality and morbidity in both COVID-19 positive and non-COVID-19 patients in the first and second waves of COVID-19. Noncommunicable diseases thus played a major role in mortality among both the populations under study.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对全球公共卫生系统构成了前所未有的挑战，带来了深远的全球经济、人道主义和社会危机。据估计，全球有超过 180 万人受到影响。印度经历了 COVID-19 大流行的两个阶段，是死亡人数第二多的国家，两波疫情的死亡率模式各不相同。在这项研究中，我们比较了 COVID-19 和非 COVID-19 死亡在大流行两个阶段的死亡率模式。
在印度中部的一家三级护理中心进行了回顾性观察性研究。研究了每组的死亡率模式，并对研究的每个阶段（即 2020 年 3 月 20 日至 2020 年 9 月 19 日和 2020 年 9 月 20 日至 2021 年 5 月）以及两个阶段之间的 COVID-19 和非 COVID-19 死亡率模式进行了比较分析。
研究第二阶段 COVID-19 阳性患者的病死率为 22.04%，而非 COVID-19 患者的病死率为 15.95%。COVID-19 大流行第一波死亡人数最多的是 2020 年 9 月，第二波死亡人数最多的是 2021 年 4 月。在第一阶段的研究中，死亡的男性患者占 69.6%，女性患者占 30.3%，而在第二阶段的 COVID-19 阳性患者中，65%的死亡是男性，35%的死亡是女性。第二阶段 COVID-19 阳性患者的死亡率显示，26.53%为高血压，13.8%为糖尿病。
研究发现，COVID-19 大流行两个阶段 COVID-19 阳性患者和非 COVID-19 患者的大多数死亡发生在老年人群（>60 岁），男性居多。两人群的大多数死亡发生在入院后的前 3 天，而第二阶段则相对较少。高血压和糖尿病等非传染性疾病对 COVID-19 阳性和非 COVID-19 患者在 COVID-19 第一和第二波的全因死亡率和发病率都有显著影响。非传染性疾病在研究人群的死亡率中发挥了重要作用。
