Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Biol Futur. 2022 Jun;73(2):207-217. doi: 10.1007/s42977-022-00121-8. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
In the ever-changing fungal environment, fungi have to cope with a wide array of very different stresses. These stresses frequently act in combination rather than independently, i.e., they quickly follow one another or occur concomitantly. Combinatorial stress response studies revealed that the response of fungi to a stressor is highly dependent on the simultaneous action of other stressors or even on earlier stresses to which the fungi adapted. Several important phenomena were discovered, such as stress pathway interference, acquired stress tolerance, stress response memory or stress cross-protection/sensitization, which cannot be interpreted when we study the consequences of a single stressor alone. Due to the interactions between stressors and stress responses, a stress response that develops under a combined stress is not the simple summation of stress responses observed during single stress treatments. Based on the knowledge collected from single stress treatment experiments, we cannot predict how fungi will respond to a certain combination of stresses or even whether this combination will be more harmful than single stress treatments. This uncertainty warns us that if we want to understand how fungi adapt to a certain habitat (e.g., to the human body) to find a point of weakness in this adaptation, we must understand how the fungi cope with combinations of stresses, rather than with single stressors.
在不断变化的真菌环境中，真菌必须应对各种各样非常不同的压力。这些压力经常共同作用，而不是独立作用，也就是说，它们会迅速相继发生，或者同时发生。组合应激反应研究表明，真菌对胁迫的反应高度依赖于其他胁迫的同时作用，甚至依赖于真菌已经适应的早期胁迫。发现了一些重要现象，如应激途径干扰、获得的应激耐受性、应激反应记忆或应激交叉保护/敏化，当我们单独研究单一胁迫的后果时，这些现象无法解释。由于胁迫和应激反应之间的相互作用，在复合胁迫下产生的应激反应不是在单一胁迫处理期间观察到的应激反应的简单总和。基于从单一胁迫处理实验中收集的知识，我们无法预测真菌将如何对特定的胁迫组合做出反应，甚至无法预测这种组合是否比单一胁迫处理更具危害性。这种不确定性警告我们，如果我们想了解真菌如何适应特定的栖息地（例如，适应人体），以找到这种适应的弱点，我们必须了解真菌如何应对压力的组合，而不是单一的压力源。
