Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
Trends Microbiol. 2021 May;29(5):416-427. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.010. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
In certain niches, microbes encounter environmental challenges that are temporally linked. In such cases, microbial fitness is enhanced by the evolution of anticipatory responses where the initial challenge simultaneously activates pre-emptive protection against the second impending challenge. The accumulation of anticipatory responses in domesticated yeasts, which have been termed 'adaptive prediction', has led to the emergence of 'core stress responses' that provide stress cross-protection. Protective anticipatory responses also seem to be common in fungal pathogens of humans. These responses reflect the selective pressures that these fungi have faced relatively recently in their evolutionary history. Consequently, some pathogens have evolved 'core environmental responses' which exploit host signals to trigger immune evasion strategies that protect them against imminent immune attack.
在某些特定环境中，微生物会遇到时间上相关联的环境挑战。在这种情况下，微生物适应性的提高是通过进化出预期反应来实现的，其中初始挑战同时激活了对第二个即将到来的挑战的预先防范性保护。在已经被称为“适应性预测”的驯化酵母中，预期反应的积累导致了“核心应激反应”的出现，从而提供了应激交叉保护。保护性预期反应似乎在人类真菌病原体中也很常见。这些反应反映了这些真菌在其进化历史中相对较近才面临的选择压力。因此，一些病原体已经进化出“核心环境反应”，利用宿主信号来触发免疫逃避策略，从而保护它们免受即将到来的免疫攻击。
