Ahmad Irshad, Newell-Fugate Annie E
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2022 Sep 1;323(3):C835-C846. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00205.2022. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
The effects of androgens have been extensively studied in a variety of organs and cell types with an increasing focus on the sexually dimorphic role androgens play not only with respect to cellular functions but also in metabolism. Although the classical mechanism of androgen action is via ligand-dependent binding with the nuclear transcription factor, androgen receptor (AR), cytosolic AR can also activate second messenger signaling pathways. Given that cytosolic AR can signal in this manner, there has been increased interest in the mechanisms by which androgens may control cellular organelle function. This review highlights the effects that androgens have on mitochondrial structure and function with emphasis on biogenesis, fusion/fission, mitophagy, bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation), and reactive oxygen species production. There are a number of publications on the effects of androgens in these general areas of mitochondrial function. However, the precise mechanisms by which androgens cause these effects are not known. In addition, given that the nucleus and mitochondria work in tandem to control mitochondrial function and the mitochondria have their own DNA, future research efforts should focus on the direct, mechanistic effects of androgens on mitochondrial function.
雄激素的作用已在多种器官和细胞类型中得到广泛研究，人们越来越关注雄激素在性别二态性方面所起的作用，这种作用不仅体现在细胞功能上，还体现在新陈代谢方面。虽然雄激素作用的经典机制是通过与核转录因子雄激素受体（AR）进行配体依赖性结合，但胞质AR也能激活第二信使信号通路。鉴于胞质AR能以这种方式发出信号，人们对雄激素控制细胞器功能的机制越来越感兴趣。本综述重点介绍了雄激素对线粒体结构和功能的影响，着重于生物发生、融合/裂变、线粒体自噬、生物能量学（氧化磷酸化）和活性氧产生。关于雄激素在这些线粒体功能的一般领域中的作用，已有许多出版物。然而，雄激素产生这些作用的确切机制尚不清楚。此外，鉴于细胞核和线粒体协同控制线粒体功能，且线粒体有自己的DNA，未来的研究工作应集中在雄激素对线粒体功能的直接机制性影响上。
