埃塞俄比亚西南部五岁以下儿童的肠胃炎
Gastroenteritis Among Under-Five Children in Southwest Ethiopia.
作者信息
Nigusu Yared, Abdissa Alemseged, Tesfaw Getnet
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Jun 9;15:2969-2979. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S354843. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Under-five children are at an increased risk for foodborne illnesses because of the ingenuousness of their immune system. Although species are one of the bacterial etiologies of gastroenteritis, gastroenteritis among under-five children is not well considered in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the prevalence, associated risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of species among under-five children with diarrhea.
METHODS
The institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children with diarrhea at Jimma Medical Center, southwestern Ethiopia from January 5 to April 21, 2020. Stool samples were collected and inoculated into agar medium. Isolation and identification were done using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 10% sheep blood using disk diffusion techniques. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the associated risk factors.
RESULTS
A total of 214 under-five children were enrolled. The prevalence of infection was 8.9%. Absence of caretakers' handwashing before preparation of food [AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: (1.2-10.8)], direct contact with domestic animals [AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: (1.0-12.7)], and consumption of raw dairy products [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: (1.4-13.9)] are the factors associated with infection. Some species were found to be resistant to most available antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
The magnitude of gastroenteritis indicates the need for routine isolation and identification of species from all under-five children clinically diagnosed with diarrhea. Species that are resistant to the drug of choice for Campylobacteriosis are also emerging. Health education on the importance of pasteurization of milk and caretakers' handwashing can mitigate the transmission. Mechanism of handling of domestic animals should be considered to reduce transmission of zoonotic diseases like Campylobacteriosis.
背景
五岁以下儿童因其免疫系统尚未发育成熟，面临食源性疾病的风险更高。虽然[某种细菌]是肠胃炎的细菌病因之一，但在埃塞俄比亚，五岁以下儿童的肠胃炎情况并未得到充分考虑。因此，本研究旨在探讨五岁以下腹泻儿童中[某种细菌]的流行情况、相关危险因素及抗生素敏感性模式。
方法
2020年1月5日至4月21日，在埃塞俄比亚西南部的吉马医疗中心对五岁以下腹泻儿童进行了基于机构的横断面研究。收集粪便样本并接种到[某种]琼脂培养基中。使用标准细菌学技术进行分离和鉴定。采用纸片扩散法在补充有10%绵羊血的穆勒-欣顿琼脂上进行抗生素敏感性试验。采用二元和多元逻辑回归评估相关危险因素。
结果
共纳入214名五岁以下儿童。[某种细菌]感染的患病率为8.9%。食物制备前看护人未洗手[AOR = 3.7，95%CI：(1.2 - 10.8)]、与家畜直接接触[AOR = 3.6，95%CI：(1.0 - 12.7)]以及食用生乳制品[AOR = 4.5，95%CI：(1.4 - 13.9)]是与[某种细菌]感染相关的因素。发现一些[某种细菌]菌株对大多数现有抗生素耐药。
结论
[某种细菌]肠胃炎的严重程度表明，需要对所有临床诊断为腹泻的五岁以下儿童进行常规的[某种细菌]分离和鉴定。对弯曲菌病首选药物耐药的菌株也在出现。关于牛奶巴氏杀菌重要性和看护人洗手的健康教育可以减少传播。应考虑家畜处理机制，以减少弯曲菌病等人畜共患病的传播。
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