Gezimu Wubishet, Demeke Ababo, Duguma Abdissa
Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2022 May 13;10:20503121221098110. doi: 10.1177/20503121221098110. eCollection 2022.
The aim of this review was to describe malnutrition and poor oral hygiene, the most common risk factors for noma.
A vigorous literature searches were conducted on databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Google Scholar by inserting keywords such as 'noma' OR 'cancrum oris' OR 'cancrum oris cases'. A total of 65 articles gathered. Of these, 38 articles found to be eligible for this study.
A total of 38 full-length articles were included in the review. According to the evidence gathered and summarized in this review, malnutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies, makes the oral mucosa susceptible to opportunistic pathogens of noma, and then, in so doing, pathogens invade the oral cavities. Malnutrition has a bidirectional relationship with noma. Since noma is a disease of the oral cavity, poor oral hygiene has the potential of predispose and worsen the disease's progress.
Malnutrition and poor oral hygiene found to be ingrained in the pathogenesis of noma. For effective management and prevention of noma, it is necessary to underpin adequate nutritional supplementation (including vitamins). As a primary prevention strategy, healthcare workers' training should be strengthened to improve the diagnosis and treatment of oral infections, including noma.
本综述的目的是描述坏疽性口炎最常见的危险因素——营养不良和口腔卫生不良。
通过在Scopus、爱思唯尔、科学网、PubMed、虚拟健康图书馆和谷歌学术等数据库中插入“坏疽性口炎”或“走马疳”或“走马疳病例”等关键词，进行了全面的文献检索。共收集到65篇文章。其中，38篇文章被认为符合本研究的要求。
本综述共纳入38篇全文文章。根据本综述收集和总结的证据，营养不良，尤其是蛋白质 - 能量营养不良和维生素缺乏，会使口腔黏膜易受坏疽性口炎机会性病原体的侵袭，进而病原体侵入口腔。营养不良与坏疽性口炎存在双向关系。由于坏疽性口炎是一种口腔疾病，口腔卫生不良有可能引发并恶化该病的进展。
发现营养不良和口腔卫生不良是坏疽性口炎发病机制中的固有因素。为了有效管理和预防坏疽性口炎，有必要提供充足的营养补充（包括维生素）。作为一级预防策略，应加强医护人员培训，以改善包括坏疽性口炎在内的口腔感染的诊断和治疗。
