Rashid Madiha, Yousaf Zubaida, Din Ahmad, Munawar Muneeb, Aftab Arusa, Riaz Nadia, Younas Afifa, Alaraidh Ibrahim A, Okla Mohammad K, AbdElgawad Hamada
Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 30;13:889604. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889604. eCollection 2022.
Leafy vegetable crops are considered as a natural source of mineral nutrients that could decrease the risk factor of many growth issues in children and adults. Spinach is globally considered as the most desirable leafy crop, due to its taste and nutrient richness along with greater nitrate contents and better nitrogen use efficiency. To evaluate the mineral nutrient efficiency of this crop, thirty genetically diverse spinach accessions were analyzed through nutritional and functional marker strategies. The accession 163,310 from Pakistan was found to be rich in minerals (sodium, calcium, potassium, zinc, and manganese) and nitrates. However, the oxalate contents were lesser in the accessions that had greater quantity of nutrients. These represented a negative correlation between mineral availability and oxalate accumulation in the leaves. To study the relationship of oxalates and minerals in the accessions, a functional marker analysis was performed, based on the genes involved in oxalate metabolism and disease resistance in spinach. High level of genetic polymorphism was observed among the accessions represented with 115 polymorphic bands out of 130 bands. Heat map clustering represented the accessions from Asian countries (Pakistan, India, China, and Iran) as the most adaptable accessions to the local environment. The correlation between nutritional and genetic analysis also revealed the nutrient richness of these accessions along with good oxalate metabolism and disease resistance. Hence, these accessions could be considered as useful genotypes in future breeding programs.
叶菜类作物被认为是矿物质营养素的天然来源，可降低儿童和成人许多生长问题的风险因素。菠菜因其味道、营养丰富以及较高的硝酸盐含量和更好的氮利用效率，在全球被视为最受欢迎的叶菜作物。为了评估这种作物的矿物质营养效率，通过营养和功能标记策略对30个遗传多样的菠菜种质进行了分析。发现来自巴基斯坦的种质163310富含矿物质（钠、钙、钾、锌和锰）和硝酸盐。然而，营养成分含量较高的种质中草酸盐含量较低。这些表明叶片中矿物质有效性与草酸盐积累之间呈负相关。为了研究种质中草酸盐与矿物质的关系，基于菠菜中参与草酸盐代谢和抗病性的基因进行了功能标记分析。在种质中观察到高水平的遗传多态性，130条带中有115条多态性条带。热图聚类显示来自亚洲国家（巴基斯坦、印度、中国和伊朗）的种质是最适应当地环境的种质。营养分析与遗传分析之间的相关性还揭示了这些种质营养丰富，同时具有良好的草酸盐代谢和抗病性。因此，这些种质可被视为未来育种计划中的有用基因型。
