Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisiana Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA.
J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2022 Jan-Dec;10:23247096221105249. doi: 10.1177/23247096221105249.
Postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) may live years with their disease on therapies with minimal toxicities but they will eventually progress on first-line therapy. For those eligible for second-line therapy, PIK3CA mutation testing is recommended in estrogen receptor-positive, her2-negative disease. If present, alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor, has been shown to improve progression-free survival. Hyperglycemia is a common side effect of alpelisib. We describe a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) necessitating treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) in a woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) started on alpelisib. A 76-year-old female with diet-controlled T2DM and mBC was placed on second-line treatment with alpelisib after progression on first-line therapy. After more than 2 weeks of treatment, the patient presented to the emergency department with nausea and vomiting. Lab results showed DKA and she was admitted to the ICU for further management. This case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to caring for patients who are started on a PI3K inhibitor. We propose 5 guidelines to prevent hyperglycemia in those started on apelisib: (1) strict criteria for initiating alpelisib, (2) understand the steps needed to prevent hyperglycemia, (3) get help from a multidisciplinary team, (4) act immediately when hyperglycemia is noted, and (5) record blood glucose values. By implementing these steps, we hope to prevent critical hyperglycemic episodes in vulnerable patients on alpelisib.
绝经后转移性乳腺癌(mBC)患者可能在疾病治疗中生存数年,这些治疗的毒性最小,但他们最终会在一线治疗中进展。对于有资格接受二线治疗的患者,如果雌激素受体阳性、her2 阴性疾病存在 PIK3CA 突变,建议进行检测。如果存在 PIK3CA 突变,PI3K 抑制剂阿培利司可改善无进展生存期。高血糖是阿培利司的常见副作用。我们描述了一例在开始使用阿培利司的 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)女性中发生需要在重症监护病房(ICU)治疗的糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)的病例。一位 76 岁的女性患有饮食控制的 T2DM 和 mBC,在一线治疗进展后开始接受二线治疗阿培利司。治疗超过 2 周后,患者因恶心和呕吐到急诊科就诊。实验室结果显示 DKA,她被收入 ICU 进一步治疗。该病例强调了需要多学科方法来护理开始接受 PI3K 抑制剂治疗的患者。我们提出了 5 条预防开始使用阿培利司患者高血糖的指南:(1)严格的阿培利司起始标准,(2)了解预防高血糖所需的步骤,(3)获得多学科团队的帮助,(4)在发现高血糖时立即采取行动,(5)记录血糖值。通过实施这些步骤,我们希望预防脆弱患者在使用阿培利司时发生严重的高血糖事件。